期刊名称：CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL OPTOMETRY
 期刊简介(About the journal)
投稿须知(Instructions to Authors)
About the journal
TopAims and Scope
Clinical and Experimental Optometry publishes original research papers and reviews in clinical optometry and vision science. Debate and discussion of controversial scientific and clinical issues is encouraged and letters to the editor and short communications expressing points of view on matters within the Journal's areas of interest are welcome.
Clinical and Experimental Optometry also welcomes papers that explore the history of optometry and vision science.
Instructions to Authors
TopAuthor Guidelines
.
EDITORIAL REVIEW AND ACCEPTANCE
The primary criterion for selection of papers to be accepted for publication in Clinical and Experimental Optometry is scientific merit, which is determined by anonymous peer review. The Editor and referees evaluate submitted papers against the following criteria: originality of the work, importance and contemporary relevance, validity, experimental design, contribution to knowledge in the field, soundness of conclusions and relevance of discussion, clarity and organisation of the paper. Final acceptance or rejection rests with the Editor, who reserves the right to refuse any material for publication.
The Journal aims to provide refereed comments within eight weeks from the date of receipt of a manuscript. The Journal offers rapid publication for well-written and well-presented papers. Subject to prompt return of a revised manuscript, publication within six months is possible.
Manuscripts should be written so that they are intelligible to the professional reader who is not a specialist in the particular field. They should be written in a clear, concise, direct style. Where contributions are judged as acceptable for publication on the basis of content, the Editor and the Publisher reserve the right to modify typescripts to eliminate ambiguity and repetition and improve communication between author and reader.
Authors are responsible for all statements made in their work, including changes made by the Editor and the Publisher that have been authorised by the corresponding author (by proof approval).
SUBMISSION OF MANUSCRIPTS
Manuscripts should be submitted online at Manuscript Central. Authors must supply an email address as all correspondence will be by email. Two files should be supplied: the covering letter and the manuscript (in Word or rich text format (.rtf)). The covering letter should be uploaded as a file not for review, in keeping with the single-blind review process.
All articles submitted to the Journal must comply with these instructions. Failure to do so will result in return of the manuscript and possible delay in publication.
- Submissions should be double-spaced.
- All margins should be at least 30 mm.
- All pages should be numbered consecutively in the top right-hand corner, beginning with the title page.
- Do not use Enter at the end of lines within a paragraph.Turn the hyphenation option off; include only those hyphens that are essential to the
- meaning.
- Specify any special characters used to represent non-keyboard characters.
- Take care not to use l (ell) for 1 (one), O (capital o) for 0 (zero) or ?(German esszett) for Greek beta.
- Use a tab, not spaces, to separate data points in tables. If you use a table editor function, ensure that each data point is contained within a unique cell (i.e. do not use Enter within cells).
Word 2007
Will authors please note that Word 2007 is not yet compatible with journal production systems. Unfortunately, the journal cannot accept Microsoft Word 2007 documents until such time as a stable production version is released. Please use Word's 'Save As' option therefore to save your document as an older (.doc) file type.
Figures
Each figure should be submitted as a separate file. Do not paste figures into the manuscript text file.
Photographs and other half-tone illustrations should be scanned at a minimum resolution of 300 d.p.i. and submitted as .jpg files. Clinical and Experimental Optometry will publish full-colour photographs at no cost to the authors when colour is necessary.
Graphs, drawings and other line figures should be submitted as a vector graphic. Formats that are acceptable are graphs and drawings created and saved in (i) Excel (ii) Word (iii) Power Point or (iv) Illustrator (as vector .eps, .ai or .pdf files). Vector graphics created in drawing programs (such as Corel and Freehand) should be printed to Acrobat Distiller and saved as a .pdf. Graphs created in Excel can be printed to Acrobat Distiller and saved as a .pdf.
Do not scan printed versions of graphs or line drawings: always send the original electronic version in one of the formats above. Do not submit graphs and line drawings as Photoshop .psd or .esp files or as .pdf files created from Excel or Word.
Covering letter
Papers are accepted for publication in the Journal on the understanding that the content has not been published in print or electronic format or submitted for publication elsewhere (except as a brief abstract in the proceedings of a scientific meeting or symposium). This must be stated in the covering letter. The following statements must also be included in the covering letter and signed by all listed authors:
Statement of authorship responsibility. 'I certify I have participated sufficiently in the conception and design of this work and the interpretation of the data (when applicable), as well as in the writing of the manuscript, to take public responsibility for it. Neither this manuscript nor one with substantially similar content under my authorship has been published or is being considered for publication elsewhere, except as described in an attachment.'
Statement of financial disclosure and conflict of interest. 'I certify that any affiliations with or involvement in any organisation or entity with a direct financial interest in the subject matter or materials discussed in the manuscript (for example, employment, consultancies, stock ownership, honoraria, expert testimony) are disclosed in the paper.'
If tables or figures have been reproduced from another source, a letter from the copyright holder (usually the Publisher), stating authorisation to reproduce the material, must be attached to the covering letter.
Author material archive policy
Authors who require the return of any submitted material that is accepted for publication should inform the Editorial Office after acceptance. If no indication is given that author material should be returned, Blackwell Publishing will dispose of all hardcopy and electronic material two months after publication.
ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS
Authors must state that the protocol for the research project conforms to the provisions of the Declaration of Helsinki (as revised in Edinburgh 2000).
Manuscripts describing experimental investigation of human subjects should state in the Methods section that an appropriate institutional review board has approved the project. In the case of animal experimentation, the Methods section should state the animal handling protocols (for example, NHMRC, NIH) and should name the institutional animal ethics review body that has given ethics approval. Clinical and Experimental Optometry retains the right to reject any manuscript on the basis of unethical conduct of human or animal studies.
Informed consent
All investigations on human subjects must include a statement that informed consent has been obtained from all adult participating subjects and from parents or legal guardians of participating minors.
Anonymity
Anonymity of human subjects and patients should be preserved. Any identifying names or initials on photographs or visual field charts must be removed or obscured and nothing in the text should enable the subject or patient to be identified.
Written consent must be obtained if a photograph of the face or any part of the face of the patient is in any photograph. Authors must certify in writing that they hold written patient consent to publish if the patient is in any way able to be identified through the photograph or otherwise.
Submission of a case report should be accompanied by the written consent of the subject (or parent/guardian) before publication; this is particularly important where photographs are to be used or in cases where the unique nature of the incident reported makes it possible for the patient to be identified.
COPYRIGHT
Authors publishing in the Journal will be asked to sign an Exclusive Licence Form. In signing the form it is assumed that authors have obtained permission to use any copyrighted or previously published material. All authors must read and agree to the conditions outlined in the form, and must sign the form or agree that the corresponding author can sign on their behalf. Articles cannot be published until a signed form has been received.
STYLE OF THE MANUSCRIPT
Manuscripts should follow the style of the Vancouver agreement detailed in the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors' revised 'Uniform Requirements for Manuscripts Submitted to Biomedical Journals: Writing and Editing for Biomedical Publication', as presented here.
Spelling. The Journal uses UK spelling and authors should therefore follow the latest edition of the Concise Oxford Dictionary.
Units. All measurements must be given in SI or SI-derived units.
Abbreviations. Abbreviations should be used sparingly - only where they ease the reader's task by reducing repetition of long, technical terms. Initially use the word in full, followed by the abbreviation in parentheses. Thereafter use the abbreviation only.
Trade names. Chemical substances should be referred to by the generic name only. Trade names should not used. If proprietary drugs have been used in the study, refer to these by their generic name, mentioning the proprietary name, and the name and location of the manufacturer, in parentheses. Commercially available equipment should be identified by the type of instrument, its maker and the model number.
PARTS OF THE MANUSCRIPT
The length of an article (excluding references, tables and appendices) should not exceed 5000 words.
Manuscripts should be presented in the following order: (i) title page, (ii) abstract and key words, (iii) text, (iv) acknowledgements, (v) references, (vi) appendices, (vii) figure legends, (viii) tables, each complete with title and footnotes and (ix) figures. Footnotes to the text are not allowed and any such material should be incorporated into the text as parenthetical matter.
Title page
As articles are single-blind reviewed, material that might identify authorship of the paper should be placed on a cover sheet; this will be detached before the paper is sent to referees.
The title page should contain (i) the title of the paper, (ii) the preferred given name, initials of other names and family name of all authors with their qualifications and (iii) the addresses of the institutions at which the work was carried out together with (iv) the full postal and email address, plus facsimile and telephone numbers, of the author to whom correspondence about the manuscript should be sent. The present address of any author, if different from that where the work was carried out, should be supplied in a footnote.
Titles should be informative and contain the major key words, however, they should not include abbreviations. The title of research papers should be no longer than 15 words. A short running title (less than 40 characters) should also be provided for all papers.
Abstract and key words
All articles must have a structured abstract that states in 300 words or fewer the purpose, basic procedures, main findings and principal conclusions of the study. Divide the abstract with the headings: Background, Methods, Results, Conclusion. Review articles should have an unstructured abstract. The abstract should not contain abbreviations or references.
Five key words, for the purposes of indexing, should be supplied below the abstract, in alphabetical order, and should be taken from those recommended by the US National Library of Medicine's Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) browser list.
Text
Authors should use the following subheadings to divide the sections of their manuscript: Introduction, Methods, Results and Discussion.
Introduction. State the purpose of the article and summarise the rationale for the study or observation. Give only strictly pertinent references and do not include data or conclusions from the work being reported.
Methods. Provide a clear description of the methods, succinct yet sufficiently detailed to enable replication of the experiment.
Results. Results should be presented in tables and figures as far as possible. The text should not duplicate results shown in tables and figures but simply draw attention to the key features of the results and the key outcomes of statistical analysis.
Discussion. Emphasise the new and important aspects of the study and the conclusions that follow from them. Do not repeat in detail data or other material given in the Introduction or Results. Include the implications of the findings and their limitations. Relate the observations to other relevant studies. A Conclusions section can be added after the Discussion if the Discussion section is long and there are multiple conclusions.
Acknowledgements
State the names of any agencies or companies that have funded or contributed to the funding of the research on which the paper is based, giving the name of the agency or company, the name of the project to which the grant was made and the number of the grant, if any.
State any commercial or proprietary interests that any of the authors has in any product used or evaluated by the research reported in the paper. Disclose any financial interest that any of the authors has with the companies that manufacture or sell those products.
The contribution of colleagues or institutions should also be acknowledged. Personal thanks and thanks to anonymous reviewers are not appropriate.
Financial or proprietary interest
If the article reports on a device, equipment, an instrument, ophthalmic lenses or a drug, the authors must disclose in a footnote any commercial or proprietary interest they have in the product or the company manufacturing or selling the product. They must reveal whether they receive payment as a consultant to the company or as a reviewer or evaluator of the product. If the research was funded by a company with an interest in the device or product, this will be disclosed in the acknowledgement section.
References
The Vancouver system of referencing should be used (examples are given below). In the text, references should be cited using superscript Arabic numerals in the order in which they appear. If cited in tables or figure legends, number according to the first identification of the table or figure in the text.
In the reference list, cite the names of all authors. Do not use ibid. or op cit. Reference to unpublished data and personal communications should not appear in the list but should be cited in the text only (e.g. Smith A, 2000, unpublished data). All citations mentioned in the text, tables or figures must be listed in the reference list.
Names of journals should be abbreviated in the style used in Index Medicus.
Authors are responsible for the accuracy of the references.
Journal article
1. Vega KJ, Pina I, Krevsky B. Heart transplantation is associated with an increased risk for pancreatobiliary disease. Ann Intern Med 1996; 124: 980-983.
Book
2. Ringsven MK, Bond D. Gerontology and Leadership Skills for Nurses, 2nd ed. Albany, NY: Delmar Publishers, 1996.
Chapter in a book
3. Phillips SJ, Whisnant JP. Hypertension and stroke. In: Laragh JH, Brenner BM, eds. Hypertension: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Management, 2nd ed. New York: Raven Press, 1995. p 465-475.
Journal article on the Internet
4. Abood S. Quality improvement initiative in nursing homes: the ANA acts in an advisory role. Am J Nurs [serial on the Internet]. 2002 Jun [cited 2002 Aug 12];102(6):[about 3 p.]. Available from: http://www.nursingworld.org/AJN/2002/june/Wawatch.htm
Monograph on the Internet
5. Foley KM, Gelband H. Improving palliative care for cancer [monograph on the Internet]. Washington: National Academy Press; 2001 [cited 2002 Jul 9]. Available from: http://www.nap.edu/books/0309074029/html/.
Conference proceedings
6. Harnden P, Joffe JK, Jones WG. Germ cell tumours V. Proceedings of the 5th Germ Cell Tumour Conference; 2001 Sep 13-15; Leeds, UK. New York: Springer; 2002.
Tables
Tables should be self-contained and complement, but not duplicate, information contained in the text. Number tables consecutively in the text in Arabic numerals. Present tables on a separate page with the legend above. Legends should be concise but comprehensive - the table, legend and footnotes must be understandable without reference to the text. Vertical lines should not be used to separate columns. Column headings should be brief, with units of measurement in parentheses; all abbreviations must be defined in footnotes. Footnote symbols: ? ? ? ? should be used (in that order) and *, **, *** should be reserved for p-values. Statistical measures such as SD or SEM should be identified in the headings.
Figures
All illustrations (photographs, line drawings and graphs) are classified as figures. Figures are numbered using Arabic numerals in the order in which they are cited in the text.
Line drawings and graphs should be sized so they can be reduced in size to fit in 1 column (58 mm), a half-page (85 mm), 2 columns (122 mm) or across the page (185 mm). Simple graphs and drawings should be sized to fit in 1 column. Two or three related figures should be drawn so they can be grouped to fit across 2 columns or the full width of the page.
Line figures should be black and white. Do not use three-dimentional bars and columns in graphs. Use only white, black and greyscale fill. Do not use patterned fills. Colour should be used only when the illustration is very complex and colour is necessary for interpretation. Clinical and Experimental Optometry cannot guarantee that colour will be used in line drawings and graphs.
Use Helvetica type face for legends and numbers. Do not use bold face. Type size should be 9 point when reduced: if the original figure is to be reduced to half size when printed, use 18 or 20 point type in the original.
Use horizontal and vertical grid lines sparingly. If the graph is simple, do not use any grid lines. In more complex graphs where the reader may wish to read off values, use a minimum number of horizontal grid lines.
In line graphs use these symbols in this order: unfilled and filled circles, unfilled and filled squares, and unfilled and filled triangles.
PROOFS
It is essential that corresponding authors supply an email address to which correspondence can be emailed while their article is in production.
Notification of the URL from where to download a Portable Document Format (PDF) typeset page proof, associated forms and further instructions will be sent by email to the corresponding author. The purpose of the PDF proof is a final check of the layout and editorial changes, and of tables and figures. Alterations other than the essential correction of errors are unacceptable at PDF proof stage. The proof should be checked, and approval to publish the article should be emailed to the Publisher by the date indicated, otherwise, it may be signed off on by the Editor or held over to the next issue.
OFFPRINTS
A free PDF offprint will be supplied to the corresponding author.
A minimum of 50 paper offprints will be provided on request, at the author's expense. These paper offprints may be ordered online. Please visit http://offprint.cosprinters.com/, fill in the necessary details and ensure that you type information in all of the required fields. If you have queries about offprints please email offprint@cosprinters.com.
ONLINE EARLY
Clinical and Experimental Optometry is covered by Blackwell Publishing's OnlineEarly service. OnlineEarly articles are complete full-text articles published online in advance of their publication in a printed issue. Articles are therefore available as soon as they are ready, rather than having to wait for the next scheduled print issue. OnlineEarly articles are complete and final. They have been fully reviewed, revised and edited for publication, and the authors' final corrections have been incorporated. Because they are in final form, no changes can be made after online publication. The nature of OnlineEarly articles means that they do not yet have volume, issue or page numbers, so OnlineEarly articles cannot be cited in the traditional way. They are therefore given a Digital Object Identifier (DOI), which allows the article to be cited and tracked before it is allocated to an issue. After print publication, the DOI remains valid and can continue to be used to cite and access the article. More information about DOIs can be found at http://www.doi.org/faq.html.
BLACKWELL JOURNALS ONLINE
Visit the Clinical and Experimental Optometry home page for more information, and Blackwell Publishing's web pages for submission guidelines and digital graphics standards. Clinical and Experimental Optometry is also available online via Blackwell Synergy.
Blackwell Author Services
Author Services enables authors to track their article, once it has been accepted, through the production process to publication online and in print. Authors can check the status of their articles online and choose to receive automated emails at key stages of production so they do not need to contact the production editor to check on progress. Visit www.blackwellpublishing.com/bauthor for more details on online production tracking and for a wealth of resources, including FAQs and tips on article preparation, submission and more.
EDITORIAL OFFICE ADDRESS
Editor, Clinical and Experimental Optometry
204 Drummond Street, Carlton (PO Box 185, Carlton South)
Victoria 3053
Australia
Email: cxo.editor@optometrists.asn.au; tel: 61 3 9663 6833; fax: 61 3 9663 7478.
SPECIAL ARTICLE TYPES
REVIEWS
The Journal welcomes submission of major reviews that bring together established and recent information on an area of interest to readers. Reviews should not exceed 10 000 words.
CASE REPORTS
Case reports can be but do not have to be reports of rare conditions. They can report unusual presentations of more common conditions, challenging differential diagnoses, mistaken diagnoses, novel or uncommon methods of treatment, or unexpected outcomes.
Case reports may be of diseases of the eye, adnexa or visual pathways, but equally they can be about refractive errors and their correction, including contact lenses, motility and binocular disorders and the management of low vision.
They can report more than one case. Sometimes it may be possible to report several cases of the same condition to demonstrate common features or differences between them.
Authorship
Where information is reported that derives from the examination and opinion of a second practitioner to whom the patient has been referred, this should be made clear in the text, especially if that person is not a joint author. Where the second practitioner has provided special help in writing the report or by providing illustrations and is not an author, their contribution can be acknowledged at the end of the report. These options should be discussed with any second practitioner who has contributed ideas or material to the report.
Length
The Journal's preference is for short case reports (1000 to 2000 words). They may be longer, up to 5000 words, if a series of cases is reported or if there is a demonstrable need for a long introduction and/or discussion to review the literature.
Format
Title. The title of case reports should be up to 15 words and should include the name of the condition reported. If it is appropriate, the title can signal the message conveyed by the report, for example, 'Mistaken diagnosis of ? or 'Piggy-back contact lenses can work in correcting ?.
Abstract. The Abstract should be fewer than 275 words.
Introduction. The Introduction does not need to be a major and comprehensive review of the condition reported, but should describe some of what is known about the condition (from articles and texts published in the last 10 to 15 years) to provide the basis for understanding the aspects of the case that are different or interesting.
The case. This description should include all of the clinical information that is relevant to understanding the case reported. Do not report clinical information that is not relevant to the story. The description usually will be an unfolding chronological account of the clinical findings and management, beginning with the author's findings at the patient's first visit.
Discussion and Conclusions. The Discussion will consider the special aspects of the case and make the learning message clear. It may (i) discuss how the case is similar to or differs from typical cases described in the text books; (ii) comment on whether similar findings have been reported by others; (iii) discuss other diagnoses that were possible and the reasons for the diagnosis that was reached; (iv) warn about the risks of misdiagnosis; and (v) draw attention to the value of the management strategies followed in the case and how they differ from the usual strategies. Statements of facts or of the opinions of others must be supported by references.
If there are several conclusions or if the conclusion needs a lengthy explanation, there can be a separate Conclusions section after the Discussion.
Figures
Case reports usually have one or more figures. These can be clinical photographs, radiographs or visual field charts, or whatever is necessary to make the points of the case report clear. Only those illustrations that add information and are necessary to tell the story should be included.
Help in writing case reports
The Editor and editorial staff can help authors who do not have experience in writing case reports. To get help, you must write and submit a first draft. If the Editor thinks the case report could merit publication, he will offer suggestions or arrange for one of the Journal's referee team to help.
The Journal Editorial Office can also help you search the literature if you have difficulty accessing the necessary facilities. To get this help, write and submit a first draft of your case report. If the Editor thinks the report may be suitable for publication, the Editorial Office will provide you with a Medline search of the recent literature and help you obtain copies of the most important papers you should reference.
LETTERS
Readers of Clinical and Experimental Optometry are encouraged to write to the Editor on matters arising from articles published in the Journal. Letters provide for an open and dynamic exchange of views.
Letters can provide information supportive of the conclusions reached in articles or can provide comment that calls into question facts or conclusions.
Rules for letter writers
- Always address specific points in the article on which you are commenting.
- Be courteous. Letters can be forceful, even emotional, but should never attack the character of the author.
- Support your arguments with verifiable facts and references (letters should have no more than five references).
- Keep it brief - no more than 500 words. If you want to write at greater length, submit a commentary or offer to write a Guest Editorial.
- Be timely - submit your letter within five weeks of publication of the article on which you are commenting. The Editor will endeavour to publish letters in the issue immediately after that in which the article commented on was published.
- Clearly state any interest you have that might be considered to give rise to a conflict of interest. You may write a letter and have it published even if your viewpoint is influenced by a particular interest, but you must tell readers about it.
- Sign your letter (anonymous letters will not be published) and give your affiliations.
How are letters processed?
Letters are reviewed by the Editor who may seek advice from experts. He will send your letter to the senior author of the article on which you offer comment and invite a response. When possible, your letter and the response will be published in the same issue.
The Editor will not publish your letter if he believes the comments are not well founded or do not contribute usefully to scientific or professional debate. He may edit your letter but he will not alter the nature of the comments you make. He may telephone you to discuss points that are unclear or which he considers should or should not be made.
Letters to the Editor should be sent through Manuscript Central.
COMMENTARIES
Authors who wish to comment on or draw attention to a matter that does not necessarily arise from a published paper may submit a commentary. Commentaries should not exceed 1500 words.
ARCHIVAL RECORD
The Journal publishes profiles and obituaries of distinguished contributors to the advancement of vision science and optometry. A profile or obituary should not exceed 1500 words. The text should be accompanied by a photograph of the subject.
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