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Student, Instituto Mendocino de Audio y Sonido, Javeriana University, Los Andes University, O.R.T. Institute, Orson Welles Institute, Sala de Audio, Sonar Escuela de Sonido International Region Sections: Adelaide, Brisbane, Hong Kong, India, Japan, Korea, Malaysia, Melbourne, Philippines, Singapore, Sydney Student Sections: Japan Student Purpose: The Audio Engineering Society is organized for the purpose of: uniting persons performing professional services in the audio engineering field and its allied arts; collecting, collating, and disseminating scientific knowledge in the field of audio engineering and its allied arts; advancing such science in both theoretical and practical applications; and preparing, publishing, and distributing literature and periodicals relative to the foregoing purposes and policies. Membership: Individuals who are interested in audio engineering may become members of the AES. Applications are considered by the Admissions Committee. Grades and annual dues are: Full members and associate members, $130 for both the printed and online Journal; $80 for online Journal only. Student members; $80 for printed and online Journal; $30 for online Journal only. A subscription to the Journal is included with all memberships. Sustaining memberships are available to persons, corporations, or organizations who wish to support the Society.

(ISSN 1549-4950), Volume 56, Number 1/2, 2008 January/February. Published monthly, except January/February and July/August when published bimonthly, by the Audio Engineering Society, 60 East 42nd Street, New York, New York 10165-2520, USA, Telephone: +1 212 661 8528. Fax: +1 212 682 0477. Send Email. Periodical postage paid at New York, New York, and at an additional mailing office. Postmaster: Send address corrections to Audio Engineering Society, 60 East 42nd Street, New York, New York 10165-2520. The Audio Engineering Society is not responsible for statements made by its contributors. Editorial Staff John Vanderkooy - editor Durand Begault - associate technical editor Elizabeth Cohen - associate technical editor Jeremy Cooperstock - associate technical editor Diemer de Vries - associate technical editor Christof Faller - associate technical editor Laurence Fincham - associate technical editor Tomlinson Holman - associate technical editor Stanley P. Lipshitz - associate technical editor Robert C. Maher - associate technical editor Jan A. Pedersen - associate technical editor Robert B. Schulein - associate technical editor Thomas Sporer - associate technical editor William T. McQuaide - managing editor Gerri M. Calamusa - senior editor Mary Ellen Ilich - associate editor Patricia L. Sarch - art director Christine Carleo - advertising Ingeborg M. Stochmal - copy editor Barry A. Blesser - consulting technical editor Francis Rumsey - staff technical writer Review Board Ronald M. Aarts James A.S. Angus George L. Augspurger Jerry Bauck James W. Beauchamp Soren Bech Durand Begault Barry A. Blesser John S. Bradley Robert Bristow-Johnson Marshall Buck Mahlon D. Burkhard Robert R. Cordell Richard O. Duda John M. Eargle Louis D. Fielder Edward J. Foster Mark R. Gander Earl R. Geddes Bradford N. Gover David Griesinger Dorte Hammershoi Malcolm O. J. Hawksford J黵gen Herre Tomlinson Holman Andrew Horner Jyri Huopaniemi James D. Johnston Arie J. M. Kaizer James M. Kates D. B. Keele, Jr. Mendel Kleiner David L. Klepper Wolfgang Klippel Bozena Kostek W. Marshall Leach, Jr. Stanley P. Lipshitz Tapio Lokki Robert C. Maher Dan Mapes-Riordan Geoff Martin J. G. (Jay) McKnight Guy W. McNally D. J. Meares Brian C. J. Moore James A. Moorer John Mourjopoulos Jan A. Pedersen Dick Pierce D. Preis Derk Reefman Francis Rumsey Kees A. Schouhamer Immink Manfred R. Schroeder Robert B. Schulein Richard H. Small Julius O. Smith III Gilbert Soulodre Herman J. M. Steeneken John S. Stewart John Strawn G. R. (Bob) Thurmond Jiri Tichy Floyd E. Toole Emil L. Torick Pierre Touzelet John Vanderkooy Menno J. van der Veen Alexander Voishvillo Daniel R. von Recklinghausen Rhonda Wilson John M. Woodgate Wieslaw V. Woszczyk Copyright Copyright?2007 by the Audio Engineering Society, Inc. It is permitted to quote from this Journal with customary credit to the source. Copies Individual readers are permitted to photocopy isolated articles for research or other noncommercial use. Permission to photocopy for internal or personal use of specific clients is granted by the Audio Engineering Society to libraries and other users registered with the Copyright Clearance Center (CCC), provided that the base fee of $1.00 per copy plus $0.50 per page is paid directly to CCC, 222 Rosewood Dr., Danvers, MA 01923, USA. 0004-7554/95. Photocopies of individual articles may be ordered from the AES Headquarters office at $5 per article for members and $20 per article for nonmembers. Reprints and Republication Multiple reproduction or republication of any material in this Journal requires the permission of the Audio Engineering Society. Permission may also be required from the author(s). Inquiries should be sent to the AES Editorial office. Subscriptions The Journal is available by subscription. Annual rates are $250.00. For information, contact AES Headquarters. Online Journal AES members can view the Journal online at www.aes.org/journal/online. Back Issues Selected back issues are available: $10.00 per issue (members), $25.00 (nonmembers). For information, contact AES Headquarters office. MicroFilm Copies of Vol. 19, No. 1 (1971 January) to the present edition are available on microfilm from University Microfilms International, 300 North Zeeb Rd., Ann Arbor, MI 48106, USA. Advertising Call the AES Editorial office or send email. Manuscripts For information on the presentation and processing of manuscripts, see Information for Authors.