While strongly advocating and supporting breastfeeding, the journal publishes a balanced view of many of the issues through helpful and immediately useful features such as:
The Journal of Human Lactation (JHL) publishes articles reporting original research, commentaries relating to human lactation and breastfeeding behavior, case reports relevant to the practicing lactation consultant and other health professionals who assist lactating mothers or their breastfeeding infants, and discussions of the business aspects of lactation consulting.
Article Categories
Original Research
Limit manuscripts to 20 pages, exclusive of tables, figures, and references. The manuscript should include: (1) an abstract no longer than 150 words that includes a summary of the objectives of the study, findings, and conclusions; (2) an introduction including the background and purpose of the study; (3) methods including the study design, subject selection criteria, and statistical methods used (distinguish between infant feeding groups and/or use definitions of breastfeeding in Labbok M, Krasovec K. 鈥淭oward consistency in breastfeeding definitions.鈥� Stud Fam Plann. 1990; 21:226-30);(4) results reported in a concise and organized format; and (5) discussion of the importance of the findings reported in the results section, and how they compare to other published reports of a similar nature.
Reviews
JHL welcomes concise and organized reviews on lactation-related topics. Contact the JHL editorial office with questions pertaining to appropriate review topics. Manuscript format is similar to Original Research above, as applicable.
Insights in Practice
Limit manuscripts to 8 pages, excluding table and reference pages. Manuscripts describing innovative teaching aids and procedures, charting, and referral forms specific to a lactation workup are appropriate for this column. We also invite general discussions about running a lactation consultant practice as well as contemporary insights related to clinical experience. The manuscript should include an abstract no longer than 125 words; an introduction stating the issue/problem; a presentation of the recommendations, and a summary of the information presented. Include subheadings as necessary.
Consultants' Corner
Consultants' Corner is a forum for the timely exchange of ideas, approaches, and opinions on lactation-related clinical issues. Each quarter, a clinical issue will be presented. Readers are invited to share their insights by submitting a letter, typed, double spaced, and no longer than 400 words to the editorial office, Attn: Consultants' Corner. The response should include references to support the opinions presented, when appropriate.
Case Reports
Limit manuscripts to 8 pages, excluding table and reference pages. The report should consist of an abstract; a brief introduction, including review of the literature relating to the problem; the case presentation, including history of the problem and other pertinent information, clinical approach, outcome; and discussion/recommendations regarding future investigations and/or assistance of future clients. Client confidentiality must be protected in the presentation.
Commentary
Perspectives related to timely issues in the field of human lactation are appropriate for this column. Limit commentaries to 8 pages, excluding table and reference pages. Commentaries do not have abstracts. It should be reflected in the title that the manuscript is a commentary.
Letters to the Editor
JHL readers are encouraged to exchange information or provide input related to a recently published journal article by submitting a letter to the editor. Letters must be typed, double spaced and should be no longer than 400 words. Additional space may be provided under special circumstances. Authors wishing to publish longer letters should contact the editor.
Requirements for Manuscripts Submitted (exclusive of letters to the editor)
Preparation of Manuscript
Include line numbers in the margin of the manuscript, whenever possible. Type manuscript double-spaced on white bond paper, 81/2" x 11 with 1" margins. Number all pages consecutively beginning with the title page. Type the page number in the upper right hand comer of each page.
Acceptable English usage and syntax are expected. For guidance on manuscript writing style, refer to the American Medical Association Manual of Style, 9th ed. Do not use slang, medical jargon, or obscure abbreviations or phrasing. Metric measurement is preferred; equivalent English measurement may be included in parentheses. Always provide the complete form of an acronym/abbreviation the first time it is presented in the text. Write breast milk as two words, breastfeeding as one. Use generic names for drugs or devices; put trade names in parentheses.
Authors should retain one copy. Send the original and 3 copies to:
Journal of Human Lactation Editorial Office
Jane Heinig, PhD, Editor-in-Chief
University of California
Department of Nutrition
One Shields Avenue
Davis, CA 95616 USA
Also send an electronic copy, either on diskette or via e-mail (address: jhl@ucdavis.edu).
Once accepted and all revisions complete, a diskette copy of the manuscript in its final form will be requested.
Include the following components, each on a separate piece of paper, in the order listed:
Authorship/Cover Letter
JHL follows the guidelines for authorship as stated in the British Medical Journal. 鈥淭he uniform requirements for manuscripts submitted to medical journals state that authorship credit should be based only on substantial contribution to:
* conception and design, or analysis and interpretation of data
* drafting the article or revising it critically for important intellectual content
* final approval of the version to be published.
All these conditions must be met. Participation solely in the acquisition of funding or the collection of data does not justify authorship.鈥�
Submit each manuscript with a cover letter containing the following language:
"The contents of this manuscript are my/our original work and have not been published, in whole or in part, prior to or simultaneous with my/our submission of the manuscript to JHL. I/We acknowledge that simultaneous submission of the manuscript to more than one journal will result in automatic rejection for publication in JHL.In consideration of the action of Editor(s), on behalf of the International Lactation Consultant Association (ILCA) and Sage Publications in reviewing and editing my/our submission entitled_____, the undersigned contributor(s) hereby transfer, assign, and otherwise convey exclusively to ILCA, its successors and assigns, all copyright ownership in the event that such work is published in the Journal of Human Lactation (JHL). I/We acknowledge that Editor(s), ILCA, and Sage Publications are under no obligation to publish this manuscript. It is my/our understanding that said copyright ownership will revert to me/us if the manuscript is not published in JHL.
I/We expressly covenant, warrant, and represent that:
1. The manuscript does not infringe on any copyright. If copyrighted material is included in the manuscript, I/we have secured written permission for its publication in JHL prior to its submission.
2. The manuscript will be delivered to JHL free from any claims of any nature whatsoever and its publication will not subject Editor(s), ILCA, or Sage Publications to claims for payment to any third party.
3. The manuscript contents do not invade the right of privacy of any person and contain no libelous, obscene, or otherwise unlawful matter which would contravene any other rights of third persons.
4. I/We have the full right, power, and authority to make this agreement and to grant the rights herein granted, and Editor(s), ILCA, and Sage Publications are under no obligation to make an independent investigation to determine the truthfulness and accuracy of these representations and warranties."
Manuscripts without cover letters including such language will be returned without review. Each author/contributor should sign and date the cover letter containing the above language.
Title Page
The title page should include (1) a clear and concise title, (2) the authors' full names and professional degrees; (3) affiliation of each author (position title, department, organization or institution); (4) the name, mailing address, phone number (and fax and e-mail information, if available) of author responsible for correspondence about the manuscript and ALL other authors; (5) source(s) of support, if applicable-funding from commercial enterprises, such as artificial baby milk manufacturers and makers of breastfeeding devices will be acknowledged without identifications as to brand name; (6) the name and address of author to whom requests for reprints should be addressed; (7) a brief (1-2鈥搒entence) statement regarding each author's professional background. In order to ensure anonymous review of the manuscript, authors' names should only appear on the title page and nowhere else in the manuscript.
Biographical Paragraph
Submit a brief (1-2鈥搒entence) statement regarding each author鈥檚 professional background.
Abstract and Keywords
The abstract should be unstructured and provide a brief overview of the study and its findings. In the abstract, summarize the objective of the study, basic procedures, main findings (including data and statistical significance), conclusions, and important implications/applications of the results presented. Limit abstracts to no more than 150 words. Below the abstract, include 2 to 5 keywords or phrases for indexing.
Body of Paper
The text should be subdivided into sections as specified under the appropriate article category (Original Research, Insights in Practice, Case Reports, Commentary, etc.) Introductory paragraphs should not exceed 2 manuscript pages in length. Long manuscripts may need additional subheadings.
Ethics
When reporting research activities involving human or animal subjects, please include a statement indicating that all procedures followed were in accord with the ethical standards of the responsible institutional council, committee, or review board. Research articles without a clear statement of such approval will be returned without review.
Acknowledgments
Authors may acknowledge persons who have contributed to the research or manuscript development. Participation of research subjects may be acknowledged, but not specifically named. Limit acknowledgments to 50 words.
References
Reference all quotations, previous study findings, and facts the reader may question. Personal communications and all other materials not yet accepted for publication may be mentioned only in the body of the manuscript. Number references consecutively as they appear in the text, using superscripts. Follow the American Medical Association style for references. Use journal abbreviations as listed in Index Medicus; if the periodical does not appear in Index Medicus, use a complete title. Citation examples follow:
Journal
Buckner E, Matsubara M. Support network utilization by breastfeeding mothers. J Hum Lact. 1993;9:231-235.
Book
Jelliffe DB, Jelliffe EFP. Human Milk in the Modern World: Psychosocial, Nutritional and Economic Significance. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press; 1978.
Chapter in book
Kennedy KI. Fertility, sexuality and contraception during lactation. In: Riordan J, Auerbach KG, eds. Breastfeeding and Human Lactation. Boston, Mass: Jones and Bartlett; 1993:429-457.
Thesis or dissertation
Heinig MJ. Relationship of energy and protein intake and complementary feeding to growth patterns of breastfed and formula-fed infants. Davis, Calif: University of California; 1992. Dissertation.
Tables
Type each table double-spaced on a separate sheet of paper. Number tables consecutively as referred to in the text. Provide each table with a brief title and each column with a heading. Place explanatory matter in footnotes. Data incorporated from another source must be referenced or in a footnote.
Figures
Number all figures consecutively as referred to in the text. Submit original copies of all figures in the best reproductive quality (line drawings, photographs, computer-generated figures) in a protective envelope, marked with the name of the manuscript. Indicate on the back of each illustration the name of the first author, figure number, and the top side. Do not staple, clip together, mount, or trim prints. Include a legend on a separate page.
Authors may be requested to replace poor-quality line illustrations at their own expense. Photographs of subjects will not be used unless accompanied by signed written consent from the subject and/or the minor's parent or guardian. If using a published figure, provide written permission for its use from the copyright holder; acknowledge the source in a footnote.
Peer Review and Editorial Process
Peer Review
Authors will receive a letter acknowledging receipt of their manuscripts. All submissions meeting editorial criteria with the exception of Letters are anonymously reviewed by at least two experts appropriate for the manuscript. Manuscripts are reviewed for clarity, scientific validity, and their contribution to the field of breastfeeding and human lactation. After approximately 10-12 weeks, the author will be mailed a copy of the reviewers' comments along with a request for revisions or an editorial decision of acceptance or rejection. As a general policy, revised manuscripts are again reviewed by the original reviewers. Rejected manuscripts will be returned.
Declaration of Competing Interests
A competing interest exists when professional judgment concerning a primary interest, such as patients鈥� welfare or the validity of research, may be influenced by a secondary interest, such as financial gain or personal rivalry. A competing interest may arise when authors have a financial interest that may, in theory, influence their interpretations of given results or those of others.
To maintain the integrity of JHL鈥檚 peer review process, we believe that we should be informed of any competing interests that publishing authors may have. This is not to say that JHL is seeking to eliminate the publication of papers with competing interests or that papers with competing interests are necessarily less valid. Instead, it is our hope that the disclosure of all relevant information related to such papers will only add to their validity.
When an article is accepted for publication in JHL, all authors will be asked to fill out a competing interests questionnaire. If such interests are identified, we will ask the primary author to draft a statement that will accompany the paper in publication. Should any competing interests become identified at a later date, such interests will be noted and published in JHL.
Editorial Processing
Accepted manuscripts are copy edited for style, grammar, and readability. Before an accepted manuscript can be published, all authors of the accepted manuscript must sign a Sage Publications, Inc. publishing agreement. The author will receive proofs of the article and have an opportunity to review editorial changes before publication. JHL makes no page charges. However, costs of excessive changes made by authors on proofs, except typographical or scientific errors, may be charged to authors. Reprint order forms with the current print schedule are sent with the proofs. The editor reserves the right to make final changes consistent with the editorial policy and style of JHL.
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