Note: These instructions comply with those formulated by the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors. For further details, authors should consult the following article: International Committee of Medical Journal Editors. “Uniform Requirements for Manuscripts Submitted to Biomedical Journals” N Engl J Med 1997;336:309–315. The complete document appears at www.icmje.org.
Scope
Reviews in Medical Microbiology provides a balanced coverage of the whole field of medical microbiology. Each issue publishes state-of-the-art reviews of the latest developments and techniques in medical microbiology, virology, mycology, parasitology, clinical microbiology and hospital infection.
Many of the articles published in this journal are Invited Reviews which have been specifically commissioned by the Editors from authors expected to have special knowledge of the subject under review. Offered reviews are welcomed, but it is essential that intending authors contact the Editor-in-chief before submitting a manuscript, to confirm the appropriateness of the topic and to ensure that a similar article is not already in preparation. Offered articles will be subjected to peer review.
Articles are limited to 5000 words, reduced pro-rata when figures and tables are included. The number of references cited is normally restricted to 50.
Points to consider before submission We have prepared a standard covering letter to accompany your submission. Whether you use this letter or your own wording, please think carefully about the following points and make the appropriate declarations.
Redundant or duplicate publication
Submissions are accepted on the understanding that they have not been published in their current form or a substantially similar form (in print or electronically, including on a web site), that they have not been accepted for publication elsewhere, and they are not under consideration by another publication. The International Committee of Medical Journal Editors has provided details of what is and what is not duplicate or redundant publication. If you are in doubt (particularly in the case of material that you have posted on a web site), we ask you to proceed with your submission but to include a copy of the relevant previously published work or work under consideration by other journals.
Conflicts of interest
Authors must state all possible conflicts of interest, including financial, consultant, institutional and other relationships that might lead to bias or a conflict of interest. If there is no conflict of interest, this should be explicitly stated. Some of our journals will print your statement; others at present do not. You might like to look at an editorial in the British Medical Journal on Beyond conflict of interest. Remember that sources of funding should be acknowledged in your paper.
Permissions to reproduce previously published material
Authors should include with their submission copies of written permission to reproduce material published elsewhere (such as illustrations) from the copyright holder. Authors are responsible for paying any fees to reproduce material. We cannot send your paper to press without these permissions!
Patient consent forms
Patients have a right to privacy that should not be infringed without informed consent. Identifying details (written or photographic) should be omitted if they are not essential, but patient data should never be altered or falsified in an attempt to attain anonymity. Complete anonymity is difficult to achieve, and a consent form should be obtained if there is any doubt. For example, masking the eye region in photographs of patients is inadequate protection of anonymity. When informed consent has been obtained it should be indicated in the published article. A sample patient consent form is available here if required.
Ethics committee approval
All authors must sign a declaration that the research was conducted within the guidelines below and under the terms of all relevant local legislation. Please also look at the latest version of the Declaration of Helsinki. The Editors reserve the right to judge the appropriateness of the use and treatment of humans or animals in experiments for publication in the journal.
Human experiments: All work must be conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. Papers describing experimental work on human participants which carries a risk of harm must include (1) a statement that the experiments were conducted with the understanding and the consent of each participant, and (2) a statement that the responsible ethical committee has approved the experiments.
Animal experiments: In papers describing experiments on living animals, include (1) a full description of any anaesthetic and surgical procedure used, and (2) evidence that all possible steps were taken to avoid animals' suffering at each stage of the experiment. In experiments involving the use of muscle relaxants, describe the precautions taken to ensure adequate anaesthesia (J Physiol 1990; 420:xii–xiii).
Experiments on isolated tissues: Indicate precisely how you obtained the donor tissue. The NIH guide for the care and use of laboratory animals (National Institutes of Health Publications No. 80-23, revised 1978) gives guidelines for the acquisition and care of animals.
Authorship
All authors must sign the letter accompanying their submission to confirm that they have read and approved the paper, that they have met the criteria for authorship as established by the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors, that they believe that the paper represents honest work, and that they are able to verify the validity of the results reported. You might also be interested to read the debate on authorship in general in the British Medical Journal's Authorship collection.
Many of the points covered above are discussed in the New England Journal of Medicine's collection of papers entitled 'Editorial policies'.
Copyright assignment
Papers are accepted for publication on the understanding that exclusive copyright in the paper is assigned to the Publisher. Authors are asked to sign a copyright assignment form after acceptance of their papers. They may use material from their paper in other words published by them.
Submissions
Submissions, which should include both a printed manuscript and a disk or CD-ROM, should be sent to Editor-in-Chief, Professor Curtis G Gemmell, Division of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, Medical School, University of Glasgow, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow G4 0SF, UK; e-mail: c.g.gemmell@clinmed.gla.ac.uk.
Include the following where appropriate: patient consent forms; transfer of copyright form; permission to reproduce previously published material; checklist. Submit the required number of paper copies and keep copies of everything submitted.
Manuscripts should be typed on white bond paper. Margins should be not less than 3 cm. Double spacing should be used throughout the manuscript, which should include the following sections, each starting on a separate sheet: title page, abstract and keywords, text, acknowledgements, references, individual tables and captions. Pages should be numbered consecutively, beginning with the title page, and the page number should be placed in the top right-hand corner of each page. Abbreviations should be defined on their first appearance in the text; those not accepted by international bodies should be avoided.
Disks and CD-ROMS
All submissions should include electronic files using either floppy disks or CD ROMs. Put only the latest version of the manuscript on the disk; name the file clearly; label the disk with the format of the file and the file name; provide information on the hardware and software used.
Authors who wish to submit papers by e-mail should contact the editorial office first.
Presentation of Papers
Title Page
The title page should carry the full title of the paper and a short title to be used as a ‘running head’ (and which should be so identified). The first name, middle initial and last name of each author should appear. If the work is to be attributed to a department or institution, its full name should be included. Any disclaimers should appear on the title page, as should the name and address of the author responsible for correspondence concerning the manuscript and the name and address of the author to whom requests for reprints should be made. Finally, the title page should include the sources of any support for the work in the form of grants, equipment, drugs, or any combination of these.
Abstracts
The second page should carry an abstract of no more than 250 words, that should clearly summarize the content of the article. No references should be cited within the abstract.
Key Words
The abstract should be followed by a list of 3–10 keywords or short phrases which will assist the cross-indexing of the article and which may be published. When possible, the terms used should be from the Medical Subject Headings list of the Index Medicus (http://www.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/meshhome.html).
Text
The arrangement of the main text of the article is left to the discretion of the authors, but it should begin with an Introduction and end with Conclusions. Other descriptive headings and sub-headings may be used if appropriate. Every effort should be made to avoid jargon, to spell out all non-standard abbreviations the first time they are mentioned and to present the contents as clearly and as concisely as possible.
Acknowledgements
Acknowledgements should be made only to those who have made a substantial contribution to the study. Authors are responsible for obtaining written permission from people acknowledged by name in case readers infer their endorsement of data and conclusions.
References
References are limited to 50 key citations. References should be numbered consecutively in the order in which they first appear in the text. They should be assigned Arabic numerals, which should be given in brackets, e.g. [17]. References should include the names of all authors when six or fewer; when seven or more, list only the first six names and add et al. References should also include full title and source information. Journal names should be abbreviated as in the Index Medicus.
Articles in journals
Standard journal article:
Valori RM, Kumar D, Wingate DL. Effects of different types of stress and of ‘prokinetic’ drugs on the control of the fasting motor complex in humans. Gastroenterology 1986; 90:1890–1900.
More than six authors:
Gentilini P, Laffi G, La Villa G, Romanelli RG, Buzzelli G, Casini-Raggi V, et al. Long course and prognostic factors of virus-induced cirrhosis of the liver. Am J Gastroenterology 1997; 92:1–7.
Supplements:
Goulis J, Burroughs AK. Role of vasoactive drugs in the treatment of bleeding oesophageal varices. Digestion 1999; 60(Suppl 3):25–34.
Letter/Abstract:
Ozsoylu S, Kocak N. Naloxone in hepatic encephalopathy [Letter]. Am J Dis Child 1985; 139:749–750.
Lankisch PG, Assmus D, Pflichtohofer D.: The burden of pancreatic disease in a well-defined population [Abstract]. Gastroenterology 1998; 114:A24.
Books
Book:
Whitehead WE, Schuster MM, Gastrointestinal Disorders. Behavioral and Physiological Basis for Treatment. Orlando: Academic Press; 1985.
Chapter in a book:
Blackshaw AJ. Non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas of the gut. In: Recent Advances in Gastrointestinal Pathology. Wright R (editor). New York: Saunders; 1980. pp. 213–240.
Personal communications and unpublished work should not feature in the reference list but should appear in parentheses in the text. Unpublished work accepted for publication but not yet released should be included in the reference list with the words ‘in press’ in parentheses beside the name of the journal concerned. References must be verified by the author(s) against the original documents.
Tables
Each table should be typed on a separate sheet in double spacing. Tables should not be submitted as photographs. Each table should be assigned an Arabic numeral, e.g. (Table 3) and a brief title. Vertical rules should not be used. Place explanatory matter in footnotes, not in the heading. Explain in footnotes all non-standard abbreviations that are used in each table. Identify statistical measures of variations, such as standard deviation and standard error of the mean.
Be sure that each table is cited in the text. If you use data from another published or unpublished source, obtain permission and acknowledge the source fully.
Illustrations
References to figures and tables should be made in order of appearance in the text and should be in Arabic numerals in parentheses, e.g. (Fig. 2). Notes on the electronic submission of illustrations can be found on the journal’s web site. If hard copies are submitted they should have a label pasted to the back bearing the figure number, the title of the paper, the author’s name and a mark indicating the top of the figure. Illustrations should not be mounted. Half-tone illustrations should be presented as glossy prints to a width of 82 mm; line illustrations should be presented as original artwork or prints to a width of 82 mm or, when the illustration demands it, to a width of 173 mm. Photomicrographs must have internal scale markers. If photographs of people are used, their identities must be obscured or the picture must be accompanied by written consent to use the photograph. If a figure has been published before, the original source must be acknowledged and written permission from the copyright holder for both print and electronic formats should be submitted with the material. Permission is required regardless of authorship or publisher, except for documents in the public domain. Figures may be reduced, cropped or deleted at the discretion of the editor. Colour illustrations are acceptable but authors will be expected to cover the extra reproduction costs (for current charges, contact the publisher).
Legends for illustrations
Captions should be typed in double spacing, beginning on a separate sheet of paper. Each one should have an Arabic numeral corresponding to the illustration to which it refers. Internal scales should be explained and staining methods for photomicrographs should be identified.
Units of measurement
Measurements of length, height, weight, and volume should be reported in metric units (metre, kilogram, or litre) or their decimal multiples. Temperatures should be given in degrees Celsius. Blood pressures should be given in millimetres of mercury.
All haematological and clinical chemistry measurements should be reported in the metric system in terms of the International System of Units (SI). Editors may request that alternative or non-SI units be added by the authors before publication.
Abbreviations and symbols
Use only standard abbreviations. Avoid abbreviations in the title and abstract. The full term for which an abbreviation stands should precede its first use in the text unless it is a standard unit of measurement.
Offprints
Offprints may be purchased using the appropriate form that will be made available with proofs. Orders should be sent when the proofs are returned; orders received after this time cannot be fulfilled. | 
刊名字顺( Alphabetical List of Journals):
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