Submission of a paper implies that the results reported have not been published and are not being considered for publication elsewhere. Abstracts from conferences would not normally be regarded as publications, but where material has been widely disseminated in report form the Managing Editor should be consulted. The Journal assumes that all authors of a multi-authored paper agree to its submission. The Journal will use its best endeavours to ensure that work published is that of the named authors except where acknowledged and, through its reviewing procedures, that any published results and conclusions are consistent with the primary data. It takes no responsibility for fraud or inaccuracy on the part of the authors. All papers are refereed to international standards. Authors may suggest the names of suitable referees.
genetics in reproduction
Critical feature articles that adequately summarize work in a particular area of these fields and indicate fruitful lines of further research are also considered, as are viewpoint articles, mini-reviews, rapid communications and comments on published papers. Comments should be confined to the substance of the paper; the authors of the paper referred to will be offered the opportunity to respond. Authors interested in preparing a feature article, a mini-review or a viewpoint article are invited to discuss the matter with an appropriate member of the Editorial Advisory Committee or with the Managing Editor.
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Submission of manuscripts
Papers may be submitted by email to the Managing Editor as a single file (including figures collected in order at the end of the file) in Word or PDF format (no other formats will be accepted). The file must be of manageable size (i.e. <2 Mb) so that it can be emailed to referees. A single hard copy of the paper and covering letter should be mailed to the Managing Editor in case of errors occurring in the electronic file. To aid in file management, please identify the first author and month and year of submission in the filename, e.g. 碕onesetal_Apr03.doc? For those authors unable to submit an electronic version of the paper, five clearly legible hard copies must be submitted to: the Managing Editor, Reproduction, Fertility and Development, CSIRO PUBLISHING, PO Box 1139, Collingwood, Victoria 3066, Australia, or to your local Receiving Editor. A covering message or letter should indicate that the paper is a submission for Reproduction, Fertility and Development and should include the name, address, fax and telephone numbers and email address of the corresponding author. The letter should also contain a statement that the manuscript has not been published or simultaneously submitted for publication elsewhere. A completed copyright assignment form (available from the journal磗 website) should accompany the manuscript.
Format of manuscripts
Papers must be typed with double- or 1.5-line spacing throughout and with a margin of at least 3 cm on the left-hand side. All pages of the manuscript must be numbered consecutively, including those carrying references, tables and figure captions, all of which are to be placed after the text. Illustrations, both line drawings and photographs, are to be numbered as figures in a common sequence, and each must be referred to in the text. Figures that are of the same quality as those to be reproduced in the published paper must be included at the end of the electronic file or hard copies of the manuscript and must be clearly numbered. Original artwork must not be submitted prior to acceptance of the manuscript. (Note that artwork will be returned, if this is requested at the time of acceptance.)
Authors are advised to note the style of headings, tables and illustrations exemplified in the latest issues of the Journal. Strict observance of these and the requirements listed under 碢reparation of manuscripts?/A> will shorten the interval between submission and publication. Poorly prepared or unnecessarily lengthy manuscripts have less prospect of being accepted. Poor quality figures will be returned for correction and will delay acceptance.
Rapid communications
The Journal publishes preliminary communications of results that are of special significance or of current and extreme interest. Such papers should yield no more than four pages when printed, including illustrations, tables and references, and should conform with every aspect of the Notice to Authors. Illustrations must be submitted in a camera-ready or electronic form consistent with the format of the Journal. An article submitted as a Rapid Communication will be subject to accelerated, but very strict, refereeing and assessment by the Editorial Advisory Committee. The article should be accompanied by a statement explaining why it merits urgent publication. The paper may be submitted electronically by email as described above or four hard copies of the manuscript, illustrations and statement should be mailed to the Managing Editor. Envelopes and correspondence should be clearly marked 碪rgent. Rapid Communication?
Review articles
The Journal welcomes review articles and they should be submitted in the same way as research papers. They should be formatted as simply as possible, using no more than three levels of heading and normal or body text style for the main text. Summary diagrams should be used where possible to reduce the amount of description required to introduce a topic. Authors should remember the wide readership of the Journal when preparing their article, and are advised to discuss the review with the Managing Editor or a member of the Editorial Advisory Committee before submission.
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Preparation of manuscripts
General presentation. The work should be presented clearly and concisely in English. The title should reflect the key points of interest in the paper. The names and addresses of all authors should be presented on the first page, together with the full postal address and email address (or facsimile number) of the corresponding author. Authors of multi-authored papers may wish to assign relative values to their contributions to the work or to indicate that two or more authors contributed equally to the paper. This can be done in a note at the end of the address field on the paper. The introduction should indicate the reason for the work and include essential background references.
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Title. The title should be concise and appropriately informative and should contain all keywords necessary to facilitate retrieval by modern searching techniques. Additional keywords not already contained in the title or abstract may be listed beneath the abstract. An abridged title suitable for use as a running head at the top of the printed page and not exceeding 50 letter spaces should also be supplied.
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Abstract. The abstract should be fewer than 200 words and should state concisely the scope of the work and give the principal findings. It should be complete enough for direct use by abstracting services. Acronyms and references should be avoided.
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References. In the text, references are cited chronologically by author and date and are not numbered. Names of two coauthors are linked by 碼nd? for three or more coauthors, the first author磗 name is followed by ?I>et al.? All references cited must be listed alphabetically at the end of the paper; all entries in this list must correspond to references in the text. No editorial responsibility can be taken for the accuracy of the references and authors are requested to check these with special care. Titles must be included for all references as well as first and last page numbers. Papers that have not been accepted for publication may not be included in the list of references and must be cited either as 磚npublished data?or as a 磒ersonal communication? the use of such citations is discouraged. It is the authors?responsibility to ensure that they have permission to cite material as a personal communication. Titles of periodicals need not be abbreviated. If they are, abbreviations should conform to those given in the latest edition of 碨erial Sources for the BIOSIS Data Base?(BioSciences Information Service, Philadelphia, PA). The following are examples of the styles required for citing a book chapter, a journal article and a whole book. For conference proceedings, ensure that you include the name(s) of the editor(s) of the proceedings, the publisher and the place of publication.
Calderon, I., and Healy, D. (1993). Endocrinology of IVF. In 碒andbook of in vitro Fertilization? (Eds A. Trounson and D. K. Gardner.) pp. 1-16. (CRC Press: Boca Raton, FL.)
Cohen, J., Malter, H., Elsner, C., Kort, H., Massey, J., and Mayer, M. P. (1990). Immunosuppression supports implantation of zona pellucida dissected human embryos. Fertil. Steril. 54, 662-5.
Cohen, J. Malter, H. E., Talansky, B. E., and Grifo, J. (1992a). 碝icromanipulation of Human Gametes and Embryos.?(Raven Press: New York.)
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Units. Authors are requested to use the International System of Units (Syst鑝e International d碪nit閟) for exact measurements of physical quantities and where appropriate elsewhere. Concentrations should be expressed in molar terms where appropriate. The double solidus must not be used in complex groupings of units; the negative index form is preferred.
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Mathematical formulae should be carefully typed with symbols in correct alignment and adequately spaced. Equations should not be embedded images; use equation editors that result in an editable format. Each formula should be displayed on a single line if possible.
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Enzyme nomenclature. The names of enzymes should conform to the recommendations in 碋nzyme Nomenclature 1992?(Academic Press: San Diego, CA, 1992). Where enzymes are referred to only in the course of discussion, or are obtained from commercial sources and are used solely as a reagent, it will be adequate to use the recommended name without the identifying EC number. For enzymes that are more central to the paper, the recommended names should be used throughout and they should be identified by their EC numbers, at the first mention in body of the paper. If there is good reason to use a name, other than the recommended name, at the first mention of the alternative name in the text, it should be identified by the recommended name and EC number. The Managing Editor should be advised of the reasons for using the alternative name.
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Chemical nomenclature. The nomenclature of compounds such as amino acids, carbohydrates, lipids, steroids, vitamins, etc. should follow the recommendations of the IUPAC-IUB Commission on Biochemical Nomenclature. Other biologically active compounds, such as metabolic inhibitors, buffers, etc. should be referred to once by their correct chemical name (which is in accordance with IUPAC rules of Chemical Nomenclature) and then by their most widely accepted common name. Where there is no common name, trade names or letter abbreviations of the chemical may be used.
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Hormone assays. The validation of biological and binding assays and the statistical treatment of results should conform to the recommendations as set out in the Journal of Endocrinology, 1977, 72, 1-4. In particular, the minimum detectable amount of standard in the assay and the procedure for obtaining this calculated value should be given as also should an assessment of intra- and inter-assay precision. If only a few observations are available the dispersion is better indicated by the range. If the distribution is particularly skewed it may be justifiable to give both the standard deviation and the range. No test establishes absolute specificity; this lack of specificity is a particular problem with peptide hormones where reference to more rigorous physicochemical procedures such as GLC-mass spectrometry is not possible. Activity of fractions obtained by column separation should therefore be included whenever possible as this provides a useful index of possible heterogeneity. Whenever practicable the tests used should be repeated for each novel physiological or pathological situation.
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Statistical evaluation of results. The tests used should be described briefly and, if necessary, supported by references. Numbers of individuals, mean values and measures of variability should be stated. It should be made clear whether the standard deviation or the standard error of the mean has been given.
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Tables
Tables must be numbered with arabic numerals and each must be accompanied by a title. A headnote containing material relevant to the whole table should start on a new line, as it will be set in a different font. Tables should be arranged with regard to the dimensions of the printed page (17.5 by 22.5 cm in two 8.5-cm columns) and the number of table columns kept to a minimum. Excessive subdivision of column headings is undesirable and long headings should be avoided by the use of explanatory notes, which should be incorporated into the headnote. The first letter only of headings to rows and vertical columns should be capitalised. The symbol for the unit of measurement should be placed in parentheses beneath the column heading. Prefixes for units should be chosen to avoid an excessive number of digits in the body of the table or scaling factors in the headings. When scaling factors cannot be avoided, the quantity expressed should be the power of 10 by which the value has been multiplied. Footnotes should be kept to a minimum and be reserved for specific items in columns. Horizontal rules should be inserted only above and below column headings and at the foot of the table. Vertical rules must not be used. Each table must be referred to in the text. Only in exceptional circumstances will the presentation of essentially the same data in both tabular and graphical form be permitted; where adequate, the graphical form should be used. Short tables can frequently be incorporated into the text as a sentence or as a brief untitled tabulation.
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Illustrations
Authors are encouraged to submit their illustrations in electronic format (see 碋lectronic files?/A>). However, all illustrations should conform to the general instructions for layout as follows.
Line drawings. Original line drawings must be drawn with black ink on flexible white board or on drawing or tracing paper. Figures should not normally exceed 8.5 cm wide (single column) or 17.5 cm by 22.5 cm (double column) when printed. The dimensions of figures submitted for scanning must not exceed 20 by 25 cm; high-quality bromide prints are acceptable. Lettering should be in 磗ans-serif?type (Helvetica is preferred) with only the first letter of the first word and of any proper names capitalized. The x-height after reduction should be 1.3-1.7 mm (or 8-10 point in Helvetica). Thus for the reduction of graphs to 30, 40 or 50% of original linear dimensions, the initial x-height of lettering would be 5, 4 or 3 mm (c. 30, 22 and 18 pt) respectively. Proportionately smaller sizes of type, symbols, grid marks and curve thickness should be used for lesser reductions. Symbols and grid marks should be the same respective sizes and, after reduction, curves and axes should not exceed 1.5 pt in thickness unless required for clarity. Lines should not be thinner than 0.5 pt, or they may drop out during printing. The following symbols are readily available and should be used: 
. The symbols + or ?should be avoided in figures. Explanations of symbols should be given in the caption to the figure. Lettering of graphs should be kept to a minimum as excessive lettering within the frame of a graph makes the lines difficult to decipher. Grid marks should point inwards; legends to axes should state the quantity being measured and be followed by the appropriate units in parentheses. Unsatisfactory artwork will be returned for correction. The Editor may be consulted for further guidance.
Photographs must be of the highest quality. They should be mounted if they are to form multiple panels on the journal page. Before being mounted, they must be trimmed squarely to exclude features not relevant to the paper and be separated from adjacent photographs by uniform spaces that will be 1 mm wide after reduction. Photographs should be mounted on lightweight bendable card or bond paper, not on heavy card. They should be so mounted that their dimensions do not exceed 8.5 cm wide (single column) or 17.5 by 22.5 cm (double column) when printed. A scale bar must be included on all micrographs except scanning electron micrographs where the magnification can be given in the caption. Lettering should be in 磗ans-serif?type (e.g. Helvetica) that contrasts with its background and should be 1.5 to 2 mm (10-12 pt) high when printed. Important features to which attention has been drawn in the text should be indicated.
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Electronic files for accepted manuscripts
Electronic files of the final versions of both the text and illustrations (in the formats described below) should be sent when the paper has been accepted for publication. They may be sent on CD-ROM, PC disk or by email attachment. The electronic files should match exactly the hard copy of the final manuscript, which should accompany the disk (or be mailed when files are emailed).
The text, figure captions and tables should be sent as a single Word file, with the tables printed one per page at the end of the manuscript. If you are unable to supply a Word file, please contact the Managing Editor for acceptable alternatives.
We prefer to receive illustrations electronically (both line diagrams and photographs) and electronic files are recommended for best quality reproduction. However, scans should only be prepared if they can be produced at high resolution in the required formats. Electronic figures should be supplied on PC disk or CD-ROM as separate files together with top quality hard copies (which can be scanned in the event of the disk files being corrupted, thereby avoiding unnecessary delay in the typesetting of your manuscript). Illustrations should be presented in black and white (or greyscale) unless colour is required. Adobe Photoshop is the preferred program for submitting figure scans.
Photographs should be scanned at a resolution of at least 300 dpi at final size and saved in greyscale format as TIFF or Photoshop files. It is preferable for labels to be applied electronically to the scanned images, rather than scanning manually labeled figures. Electronic files of colour figures or photographs should be saved in CMYK colour not in RGB colour, because the CMYK format is required for printing. Authors should note that colours change when converted to CMYK from RGB and when printed from different types of printer; hence it is important to check that the hard copy you provide is correct and matches the CMYK file version.
Computer-generated figures prepared using either a draw or chart/graph program should be saved in the following formats: Adobe Illustrator (.ai) (preferred format); encapsulated postscript (.eps); Excel; illustrations created using Powerpoint should be saved in PowerPoint and also as Windows metafiles (.wmf); CorelDraw files should be saved as .eps or .ai files; charts created on a Macintosh computer should be saved as .eps, .ps or PICT files. In all cases they should be editable vector graphic files. Avoid using 3D surface area charts because print quality is often poor. Remove colours from all charts and graphs. Figures embedded in Word are often difficult to import successfully into typesetting programs; thus, if you can only provide Word files for your figures, please also make sure that you give us high-quality, hardcopy originals, not larger than A4 size, for scanning if necessary.
Authors unable to prepare electronic artwork should submit lettered line drawings and lettered and mounted photographs that are suitable for direct reproduction and which comply with the instructions above. Unsatisfactory figures will be returned for correction. The Managing Editor may be consulted for further guidance.
Page proofs and corrections
Page proofs are sent to the corresponding author for checking prior to publication. At this stage only essential alterations and correction of printer errors may be undertaken. Excessive author alterations may be charged back to the author at $5 per item.
Reprints
Reprints may only be ordered before publication. An order form is sent to the corresponding author with the final page proofs.
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Addresses for submissions
Managing Editor
Dr Camilla Myers
Reproduction, Fertility and Development
CSIRO PUBLISHING
PO Box 1139 (150 Oxford Street)
Collingwood, Vic. 3066
Australia
Telephone +61 3 9662 7629
Fax +61 3 9662 7611
Email publishing.rfd@csiro.au
Receiving Editor in USA and Canada
Dr Stephen Matthews
Reproduction, Fertility and Development
Department of Physiology
University of Toronto
1 King磗 College Circle
Toronto
Ontario M5S 1A8
Canada
Telephone +1 416 978 1974
Fax +1 416 978 4940
Email stephen.matthews@utoronto.ca
Receiving Editor in Latin America
Dr Raquel P閞ez Clariget
Reproduction, Fertility and Development
Producci髇 Animal y Pasturas
Facultad de Agronom韆
Universidad de la Rep鷅lica
Garz髇 780 - Montevideo
Uruguay
Telephone +598 2 304 1564
Fax +598 2 304 3460
Email loper@adinet.com.uy
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