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期刊名称：NATURAL HAZARDS ISSN： 0921-030X 出版频率： Quarterly 出版社： KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL, VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS, 3311 GZ 期刊网址： http://www.kluweronline.com/issn/0921-030X 影响因子： 0.989(2008) 主题范畴： GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY;    METEOROLOGY & ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES;    WATER RESOURCES;     期刊简介(About the journal)    投稿须知(Instructions to Authors)    编辑部信息(Editorial Board)    About the journal   Natural Hazards  Natural Hazards – the journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards – is devoted to original research work on the physical aspects of natural hazards, the statistics of forecasting catastrophic events, risk assessment, and the nature of precursors of natural and/or technological hazards. Although the origin of hazards can be different sources and systems (atmospheric, hydrologic, oceanographic, volcanologic, seismic, neotectonic), the environmental impacts are equally catastrophic. This circumstance warrants a tight interaction between the different scientific and operational disciplines, which should enhance the mitigation of hazards. Hazards of interest to the journal are included in the following sections: general, atmospheric, climatological, oceanographic, storm surges, tsunamis, floods, snow, avalanches, landslides, erosion, earthquakes, volcanoes, man-made, technological, and risk assessment. Indexing/Abstracting Services Natural Hazards is indexed/abstracted in Cambridge Scientific Abstracts; CSA Civil Engineering Abstracts; Current Contents/Physical, Chemical, Earth Science; Current Geographical Publications; Earthquake and the Built Environment Index; Earthquake Engineering Abstracts; Elsevier BIOBASE/Current Awareness in Biological Sciences; Emerald Abstracts; Environmental Abstracts/Enviroline; GeoArchive; Geobase/Geo Abstracts; Geographical Abstracts: Human Geography; Geological Abstracts; Geo Titles; Inspec Database; INSPEC Information Services; The ISI Alerting Services; Journal of Earthquake Engineering; Meteorological and Geoastrophysical Abstracts; PASCAL Database; Science Citation Index Expanded; Sociological Abstracts Instructions to Authors Statement of Editorial and Publication Policies Manuscripts submitted to this journal should not have been published, or simultaneously submitted elsewhere. Submitted articles should largely contain previously unreported material. The overlap of contents between related papers should be the minimum, normally confined to the introductory/review sections. Authors should provide information and preprints on any papers closely related to the submitted paper, which are not yet in the public domain (in review, in press). If deemed necessary to the review process, these will be copied to the reviewers. Authors should consult the Journal’s 'Author Instructions' for detailed stylistic guidelines, during preparation of their manuscripts. Author Instructions can be found at http://www.kluweronline.com/issn/0921-030X. Editors may return manuscripts that are grossly inconsistent with these guidelines. Where the submitted manuscript is multi-authored, one individual will need to be the corresponding author. It will be assumed that all the authors have been involved in the work, have approved the manuscript, and agree to its submission. Manuscripts will be sent to at least two reviewers. Reviewers are requested to treat the manuscript confidentially. They may choose to identify themselves, or remain anonymous. The Editor’s judgement is final with regard to suitability for publication. The Publisher carries responsibility for typesetting, page lay-out and figure sizing for all accepted papers. Authors are responsible for reading and correcting page proofs of their articles. Proof corrections are normally restricted to typesetting and printing errors. Major changes can not be undertaken at the proof stage. Manuscript Submission Kluwer Academic Publishers request the submission of manuscripts and figures in electronic form in addition to a hard-copy printout. The preferred storage medium for your electronic manuscript is a 3 1/2 inch diskette. Please label your diskette properly, giving exact details on the name(s) of the file(s), the operating system and software used. Always save your electronic manuscript in the word processor format that you use; conversions to other formats and versions tend to be imperfect. In general, use as few formatting codes as possible. For safety‘s sake, you should always retain a backup copy of your file(s). After acceptance, please make absolutely sure that you send the latest (i.e., revised) version of your manuscript, both as hard-copy printout and on diskette (submission in electronic form of the final version of your article is compulsory). Kluwer Academic Publishers prefer articles submitted in word processing packages such as MS Word, WordPerfect, etc. running under operating systems MS DOS, Windows and Apple Macintosh, or in the file format LaTeX. Articles submitted in other software programs can also be accepted. For submission in LaTeX, Kluwer Academic Publishers have developed a Kluwer LaTeX class file, which can be downloaded from: http://www.wkap.nl/authors/jrnlstylefiles/ Use of this class file is highly recommended. Do not use versions downloaded from other sites. Technical support is available at: texhelp@wkap.nl. If you are not familiar with TeX/LaTeX, the class file will be of no use to you. In that case, submit your article in a common word processor format. For the purpose of reviewing, articles for publication should be submitted as hard-copy printout (5-fold) and on diskette to: Natural Hazards Journals Editorial Office Kluwer Academic Publishers P.O. Box 990 3300 AZ Dordrecht The Netherlands Manuscript Presentation The journal‘s language is English. British English or American English spelling and terminology may be used, but either one should be followed consistently throughout the article. All papers should be written in the third person. Manuscripts should not exceed 30 pages of text (including references, tables and figures. Manuscripts should be printed or typewritten on A4 or US Letter bond paper, one side only, leaving adequate margins on all sides to allow reviewers‘ remarks. Please double-space all material, including notes and references. Quotations of more than 40 words should be set off clearly, either by indenting the left-hand margin or by using a smaller typeface. Use double quotation marks for direct quotations and single quotation marks for quotations within quotations and for words or phrases used in a special sense. Number the pages consecutively with the first page containing: running head (shortened title, no more than 46 characters) title author(s) affiliation(s) full address for correspondence, including telephone, fax number and e-mail address Abstract Please provide a short abstract of 100 to 300 words. The abstract should not contain any undefined abbreviations or unspecified references. Key Words Please provide approximately 5 to 10 key words or short phrases. The key words selected should be comprehensive and subject specific. It is not necessary to list the subject area of the journal‘s coverage as a key word. General terms should not appear as key words, as they have little use as informational retrieval tools. Please, choose key words to be as specific as possible, and list the most specific first, proceeding to the most general last. Abbreviations Abbreviations and their explanations should be collected in a list. Symbols and Units All scientific and technical data should be stated in SI units, except in unavoidable circumstances. Formulae Formulae should be type-written whenever possible. Alternatively, a fine drawing pen and black ink should be used. It is extremely important that all mathematical symbols and letters used are identified and listed and that the required style of appearance of such symbols is clearly indicated, e.g., bold face, italics, script, outline, fraktur, etc. Please keep the use of italic or roman type-face consistent. Sub- and super-script should be clearly indicated where confusion might arise. Use a full stop as a decimal sign. Identify in the margin symbols that might be confused with similar symbols, e.g., letter l and figure 1, capital letter O and figure 0, etc. Figures and Tables Submission of electronic figures In addition to hard-copy printouts of figures, authors are requested to supply the electronic versions of figures in either Encapsulated PostScript (EPS) or TIFF format. Many other formats, e.g., Microsoft Postscript, PiCT (Macintosh) and WMF (Windows), cannot be used and the hard copy will be scanned instead. Figures should be saved in separate files without their captions, which should be included with the text of the article. Files should be named according to DOS conventions, e.g., ’figure1.eps‘. For vector graphics, EPS is the preferred format. Lines should not be thinner than 0.25pts and in-fill patterns and screens should have a density of at least 10%. Font-related problems can be avoided by using standard fonts such as Times Roman and Helvetica. For bitmapped graphics, TIFF is the preferred format but EPS is also acceptable. The following resolutions are optimal: black-and-white line figures - 600 - 1200 dpi; line figures with some grey or coloured lines - 600 dpi; photographs - 300 dpi; screen dumps - leave as is. Higher resolutions will not improve output quality but will only increase file size, which may cause problems with printing; lower resolutions may compromise output quality. Please try to provide artwork that approximately fits within the typeset area of the journal. Especially screened originals, i.e., originals with grey areas, may suffer badly from reduction by more than 10-15%. AVOIDING PROBLEMS WITH EPS GRAPHICS Please always check whether the figures print correctly to a PostScript printer in a reasonable amount of time. If they do not, simplify your figures or use a different graphics program. If EPS export does not produce acceptable output, try to create an EPS file with the printer driver (see below). This option is unavailable with the Microsoft driver for Windows NT, so if you run Windows NT, get the Adobe driver from the Adobe site (www.adobe.com). If EPS export is not an option, e.g., because you rely on OLE and cannot create separate files for your graphics, it may help us if you simply provide a PostScript dump of the entire document. HOW TO SET UP FOR EPS AND POSTSCRIPT DUMPS UNDER WINDOWS Create a printer entry specifically for this purpose: install the printer ’Apple Laserwriter Plus‘ and specify ’FILE‘: as printer port. Each time you send something to the ’printer‘ you will be asked for a filename. This file will be the EPS file or PostScript dump that we can use. The EPS export option can be found under the PostScript tab. EPS export should be used only for single-page documents. For printing a document of several pages, select ’Optimise for portability‘ instead. The option ’Download header with each job‘ should be checked. Submission of hard-copy figures If no electronic versions of figures are available, submit only high-quality artwork that can be reproduced as is, i.e., without any part having to be redrawn or re-typeset. The letter size of any text in the figures must be large enough to allow for reduction (the smallest symbols or letters used should not be less than 1.5 mm high after reduction). Maps, line drawings and diagrams should be prepared with India ink on white drawing paper, tracing paper or tracing linen; or photographed onto high contrast black-and-white print paper. Photographs should be in black-and-white on glossy paper. Figures which must be printed larger than page size should be avoided, as they are inconvenient and expensive. Maps and site diagrams must be marked with a scale bar and latitude and longitude. If a figure contains colour, make absolutely clear whether it should be printed in black-and-white or in colour. Figures that are to be printed in black-and-white should not be submitted in colour. Authors will be charged for reproducing figures in colour. Plates are page size units, often consisting of several photographs. The plates are numbered consecutively, and individual photographs on a plate are designated (a), (b), (c), etc. Authors should use the minimum number consistent with adequate presentation of the subject. The photographs used should meet the standards mentioned above. Each figure and table should be numbered and mentioned in the text. The approximate position of figures and tables should be indicated in the margin of the manuscript. On the reverse side of each figure, the name of the (first) author and the figure number should be written in pencil; the top of the figure should be clearly indicated. Figures and tables should be placed at the end of the manuscript following the Reference section. Each figure and table should be accompanied by an explanatory legend. The figure legends should be grouped and placed on a separate page. Figures are not returned to the author unless specifically requested. In tables, footnotes are preferable to long explanatory material in either the heading or body of the table. Such explanatory footnotes, identified by superscript letters, should be placed immediately below the table. Section Headings Section headings should be numbered (e.g., 1., 1.1, 1.1.1, 2., 2.1, etc.). Appendices Supplementary material should be collected in an Appendix and placed before the Notes and Reference sections. Notes Please use footnotes rather than endnotes, but keep use to an absolute minimum. A source reference note should be indicated by means of a 5-pointed star after the title. This note should be placed at the bottom of the first page. Cross-Referencing In the text, a reference identified by means of an author‘s name should be followed by the date of the reference in parentheses and page number(s) where appropriate. When there are more than two authors, only the first author‘s name should he mentioned, followed by ’’et al.‘‘. In the event that an author cited has had two or more works published during the same year, the reference, both in the text and in the reference list, should be identified by a lower case letter like ’’a‘‘ and ’’b‘‘ after the date to distinguish the works. Examples: Winograd (1986, p. 204) (Winograd, 1986a, b) (Winograd, 1986; Flores et al., 1988) (Bullen and Bennett, 1990) Acknowledgements Acknowledgements of people, grants, funds, etc. should be placed in a separate section before the References. References References to books, journal articles, articles in collections and conference or workshop proceedings, and technical reports should be listed at the end of the article in alphabetical order. Articles in preparation or articles submitted for publication, unpublished observations, personal communications, etc. should not be included in the reference list but should only be mentioned in the article text (e.g., T. Moore, personal communication). References to books should include the author‘s name; year of publication; title; page numbers where appropriate; publisher; place of publication, in the order given in the example below. James, L. and Burchfield, F.: 1976, Seismicity of the Earth and Associated Phenomena, McGraw-Hill, New York, pp. 530-576. References to articles in an edited collection should include the author‘s name; year of publication; article title; editor‘s name; title of collection; first and last page numbers; publisher; place of publication, in the order given in the example below. Lowrey, J.: 1981, Storm surges in the Bermuda Triangle, In: K. Johnson et al. (eds), Oceonographic Hazards, Williams and Wilkins, Baltimore, pp. 63-84. References to articles in conference proceedings should include the author‘s name; year of publication; article title; editor‘s name (if any); title of proceedings; first and last page numbers; place and date of conference; publisher and/or organization from which the proceedings can be obtained; place of publication, in the order given in the example below. Ramirez, F. J., Marquez, R. A. C., and Mondaca, G.: 1991, The 1877 great tsunami and the rapid local warning network in the coast of Northern Chile - South America, In: Proc. International Conference of Australian Earthquake Engineering Society, Brisbane, Australia, 25-1. References to articles in periodicals should include the author‘s name; year of publication; article title; abbreviated title of periodical; volume number (issue number where appropriate); first and last page numbers, in the order given in the example below. Martin, M. and Yule, F.: 1984, Source locations of elastic shocks in the fracturing process of rocks, Bull. Earthq. Res. Inst. 46, 131-150. References to technical reports or doctoral dissertations should include the author‘s name; year of publication; title of report or dissertation; institution; location of institution, in the order given in the example below. Lockridge, A. P.: 1985, Tsunamis in Peru Chile, NGDC Report S-39. Proofs Proofs will be sent to the corresponding author by e-mail (if no e-mail address is available or appears to be out of order, proofs will be sent by regular mail). Your response, with or without corrections, should be sent within 72 hours. Please do not make any corrections to the PDF file. Minor corrections (+/- 10) should be sent as an e-mail attachment to: proofscorrection@wkap.nl. Always quote the four-letter journal code and article number and the PIPS No. from your proof in the subject field of your e-mail. Extensive corrections must be clearly marked on a printout of the PDF file and should be sent by first-class mail (airmail overseas). Offprints Fifty offprints of each article will be provided free of charge. Additional offprints (both hard copies and PDF files) can be ordered by means of an offprint order form supplied with the proofs. Page Charges and Colour Figures No page charges are levied on authors or their institutions. Colour figures are published at the author‘s expense only. Copyright Author, also on behalf of any co-authors, will be asked, upon acceptance of an article, to transfer copyright of the article to the Publisher. This will ensure the widest possible dissemination of information under copyright laws. Permissions It is the responsibility of the author to obtain written permission for a quotation from unpublished material, or for all quotations in excess of 250 words in one extract or 500 words in total from any work still in copyright, and for the reprinting of figures, tables or poems from unpublished or copyrighted material. Additional Information Additional information can be obtained from: Kluwer Academic Publishers Natural Hazards Van Godewijckstraat 30 (P.O. Box 17) 3311 GX Dordrecht (3300 AZ Dordrecht) The Netherlands Tel. +31-78-6576-235, Fax: +31-78-6576-388 Also visit our web site at: http://www.wkap.nl GUIDELINES FOR SPECIAL ISSUES It is the policy of the Journal to enable, and even to encourage and initiate the publication of special issues from time to time. The following are the guidelines for the preparation and publication of such issues. Preparation of a Proposal Guest Editors for special issues are chosen by the Editors. The Guest Editor(s) should prepare a proposal for the special issue and submit it to the Editors and the publisher for their approval. The proposal should contain the following information: tentative title of the special issue, a one page outline summarizing the objectives of the special issue, tentative time schedule, listing of tentative contributions. Once the proposal has been approved one of the Editors will act as the Coordinating Editor. Peer Reviewing Procedure Guest Editors* are considered to keep in close contact with the Coordinating Editor (CE) and inform him/her on the full Table of Contents and outline of the issue as soon as available. In short, to select authors and to invite them to submit quality (in terms of science, English and presentation) papers to the special issue, to select reviewers for the submitted papers, inform the CE on the choice of reviewers, and to keep in touch with the CE in all other matters concerning the special issue. All articles appearing in a special issue should conform to the standard editorial and publication policies as outlined for the journal. This implies that each manuscript will be original, not be published formally elsewhere and will be peer reviewed by at least two international specialists in the field. In case major revision is asked for by any of the referees, the revised script should be reviewed again by at least one referee. *In case there are several Guest Editors (GEs) one GE will act as corresponding GE. Final Acceptance by the Editor The complete set of scripts, reviewers’ reports, relevant correspondence, and recommendation by the Guest Editor should be sent to the Coordinating Editor for final acceptance. In consultation with the Guest Editor the Coordinating Editor will make the decision upon final acceptance and will send a letter of final acceptance to the authors. The Guest Editor will be asked to submit a Preface. Documentation Guest editors will receive from the publisher: Author Instructions, Consent to Publish forms, review forms, as well as a special issue contract. Time Schedule Guest Editors should prepare a strict time schedule and also inform the authors and reviewers of this. It is the GE responsibility to ensure a thorough and speedy review procedure. Guest Editors will keep in touch with the Coordinating Editor and publisher regarding the status of the special issue on a regular, (every 3-4 months) basis. Size Each special issue is devoted to a single, well defined topic. The title of the topic as well as the guest editor’s names will appear on both the cover and on the contents page of the issue. Each issue will contain 100 pages, but, when justified, it may contain up to 200 pages. Color Images Color images can be included at the author’s expense. Please contact the publisher for more details. Checklist When the CE submits the final accepted material to the publisher, the CE will make sure that the following is included: dates received/accepted sequence of papers names, full address details including email addresses of the corresponding authors original figures in printed form, plus electronic version (of least 300 dpi) Preface or Guest editorial Mechanics of Publication The Guest Editor will receive a full set of proofs (in case of multiple GEs the publisher will supply multiple sets of proofs). The corresponding authors will receive author’s proofs. It is the intention of Kluwer, subject to the recommendations of the Guest Editor(s) and the Coordinating Editor, to consider the possibility of also distributing the special issue as a separate (hardcover) book. Every first author of a paper contributing to a special issue will receive a complimentary copy of that special issue and 50 copies of offprints of the paper. The Guest Editor(s) will receive two copies of the special issue. There are no page charges. For any questions regarding special issues please contact the editors: Dr. T. Murty Baird & Associates 1145 Hunt Club Rd, Suite 1 Ottawa, Ontario K1V 0Y3 Canada Tel. : 1 6137318900 Fax :1 6137319778 E-mail: tmurty@baird.com Dr. T. Beer CSIRO-Environmental Risk Network PMB 1 Aspendale, Vic. 3195 Australia Tel. : 61 392394546 Fax : 61 392394444 E-mail: tom.beer@csiro.au Dr. V. Schenk Institute of Rock Structure and Mechanics Academy of Sciences V. Holesovickach 41 182 09 Prague 8 - Liben Czech Republic Tel. : +42-2-66009-338/337 Fax : +42-2-6880105/6880649 E-mail: schenk@site.cas.cz Editorial Board   Editor: Tom Beer CSIRO Environmental Risk Network, Aspendale, Australia Vladimír Schenk Institute of Rock Structure and Mechanics, Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic Tad S. Murty W.F. Baird & Associates Coastal Engineers Ltd., Ottawa, ON, Canada Editorial Advisory Board: D. Alexander, Shrivenham, UK  R. Blong, North Ryde, Australia  Chen Yong, Beijing, PR China  S.K. Dube, New Delhi, India  M. Rashad El-Hamalawy, Cairo, Egypt  M.O. Erdik, Istanbul, Turkey  J. Greenlee, Olustee, USA  C. Emdad Haque, Winnipeg, Canada  Y. Kawata, Kyoto, Japan  M.L. Khandekar, Unionville, ON, Canada  A. Kijko, Pretoria, RSA  S.P. Leatherman, Miami, USA  C. Lomnitz, (Book Review Editor) Mexico City, Mexico  I.G. Main, Edinburgh, UK  M. Meghraoui, Strasbourg, France  T. Okimura, Kobe, Japan  E. Pelinovsky, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia  E.L. Quarantelli, Newark, USA  A. Smolka, Munich, Germany  G.A. Sobolev, Moscow, Russia  D.A. Wilhite, Lincoln, USA