期刊名称：JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY
 期刊简介(About the journal)
投稿须知(Instructions to Authors)
编辑部信息(Editorial Board)
About the journal
The Journal of Parasitology is the official journal of the American Society of Parasitologists (ASP). The Journal is nonprofit and dues of the membership support the cost of publication. Manuscripts in English are accepted from investigators in any country regardless of whether they are members of the Society. The Journal publishes official business of the ASP and results of new, original research, primarily on parasitic animals.
Contents:
Instructions to Authors
Preparation and submission
All manuscripts must be prepared and submitted according to the guidelines of this section and those of the subsequent section appropriate for the category of the report.
Paper: Manuscripts are to be typed on one side only of good quality, white paper. Thin onion skin or rice parchment papers are not acceptable.
Typing: All parts of original manuscripts are to be typed double-spaced (no more than 3 lines/25 mm), with all margins being at least 25 mm wide (note that the guidelines for revised manuscripts are quite different than for originals). Type should be at least 10 point (elite); photoreduction, even in tables, is not acceptable. Proportional spacing and hyphenation should not be used, i.e., do not justify right-hand margin. Do not leave extra space between paragraphs in the text. Only a single font should be used; genera and species should be in italics. Authors' names in the literature cited section should be typed with capitals for the initials and first letter of the last name and lowercase for all other letters (despite the fact that these names are printed in large and small capital letters in the Journal ).
Submission: For a new manuscript, submit the original and 3 copies prepared according to the Policy and Guidelines contained herein. When a manuscript has been accepted for publication by the editor, specific instructions for preparation of the revision on a diskette will be supplied. Please note that if it is not possible to prepare the revision on a diskette, then 2 hard copies of the revision prepared according to the Policy and Guidelines statement will be suitable. It remains the responsibility of the author to retain a copy of the manuscript for reference and to protect against loss. Manuscripts should be addressed to: Dr. Gerald W. Esch, Editor, Journal of Parasitology , Department of Biology, Wake Forest University, P.O. Box 7629, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27109.
Articles
Manuscripts are to be organized in the following format and sequence, with all pages, beginning with that for the running head, numbered consecutively.
Running head: Provide the last names of authors (use et al. for more than 2) and a shortened title on a single separate page. The entire running head may not exceed 60 characters and spaces. Style: RH: JONES ET AL.-- LIFE CYCLE OF H. DIMINUTA
Title page: On a single separate page, give the title of the article, names of authors, and address of first author. At the bottom of the page, give the name, address, and telephone number of the author designated to receive correspondence from the editor and proofs from the printer. The title and author's names should be in bold type, and the same font size as the text. All other information should be in roman type. Titles should be short and descriptive. Avoid "empty words" such as preliminary studies on ... and biology or ecology of .... Do not use author and date citations with scientific names in the title. In the title only, numbers less than 11 are spelled out; numbers indicating papers in a series will not be accepted. Present addresses and addresses for authors, if different from that of the first author, are given as footnotes.
Abstract: On a single separate page, provide an abstract of the paper that does not exceed 200 words. The abstract should be factual (as opposed to indicative) and should outline the objective, methods used, conclusions, and significance of the study. The abstract is headed with the word abstract, indented, and typed in bold capital letters, ending with a colon also in bold type. Text is run in after the colon, is not subdivided, and does not contain literature citations.
Introduction: Start the introduction on a separate, unheaded page. The introduction should establish the context of the paper by stating the general field of interest, presenting findings of others that will be challenged or developed, and specifying the specific question to be addressed. Accounts of previous work should be limited to the minimum information necessary to give an appropriate perspective. The introduction may not be subdivided and extra spacing between paragraphs is not per mitted here or throughout the text.
Materials and methods: This section should give sufficient information to permit repetition of the study by others. Methods and apparatus used should be indicated, but specific brand names and models need to be mentioned only if significant. The source (e.g., city and state, both spelled in full) of special equipment or chemicals should also be given. Previously published or standard techniques are to be referenced, but not detailed. Generic descriptions should be given for unusual compounds used.
The primary heading for this section should be typed in all bold capital letters and started at the left-hand margin of the page. The heading is unnumbered and ends without punctuation. Second-level headings in bold type should be on a separate line beginning at the left-hand margin. The initial letter of the first work is the only capital letter except capitals needed for proper nouns. These headings are unnumbered and end without punctuation. Third-level headings are indented for a paragraph, italicized, and end with a colon, also italicized. The initial letter of the first word is the only capital letter, except capitals needed for proper nouns. Text is run in immediately following this heading. Further subdivision should not be needed. If the materials and methods section is short, it should not be subdivided; it is unnecessary to provide headings, beyond the primary head, for a series of subsections comprising single paragraphs.
Results: This section should contain a concise account of the new information. Tables and figures are to be used as appropriate, but information presented in them should not be repeated in the text. Avoid detailing methods and interpreting results in this section. The results section may be subdivided and headed as for the materials and methods section.
Taxonomic papers have a distinct style that must be adhered to in preparing a manuscript. In taxonomic papers the results section is to be replaced by a section headed DESCRIPTION, beginning at the left-hand margin. The primary heading is followed by the italicized scientific name in bold type of the taxon studied; it begins at the left-hand margin. Synonyms and reference to figures follow, each as a separate line at the left-hand margin (these are not in bold type or italicized). The text of the description follows as a new paragraph. The description is followed with a taxonomic summary section, headed as described for second-level headings in the instructions for the materials and methods section. The taxonomic summary section comprises a listing of the type host, other hosts, site, locality, and specimens deposited. Each of these topics is headed as a thirdlevel heading (e.g., italicized, and indented as described for the materials and methods section). The Host subsection must include the full scientific name of the host, the authority's name, and an indication if Symbiotype specimens were deposited in a vertebrate museum along with accession numbers. The Locality should include map coordinates as well as the name of the locality (e.g., ocean, river, etc.) and the geopolitical region. Prevalence and density data are included when known. The taxonomic summary is followed by a remarks section, headed as described for second-level headings in the instructions for the materials and methods section. The remarks section replaces the discussion of other articles and gives comparisons to similar taxa; it is typed in boldface and begins at the left margin. The first letter is capped and the rest are lowercase. This sequence of subsections is repeated for each taxon. If in taxonomic papers the description section does not comprise all of the results and discussion, the format outlined is to be incorporated into the usual section of results. Museum accession numbers for appropriate type material (new taxa) and for voucher specimens (surveys) are required; if deposited in the U.S. National Parasite Collection at Beltsville, Maryland, the accession number is preceded by the acronym USNPC No. Appropriate photographic material should be deposited for descriptions of coccidia. Frozen tissues must also include accession numbers if deposited in a museum.
Discussion: An interpretation and explanation of the relationship of the results to existing knowledge should appear in the discussion section. Emphasis should be placed on the important new findings, and new hypotheses should be identified clearly. Conclusions must be supported by fact or data. All letters in DISCUSSION are boldfaced, capped, and started at the left-hand margin. The primary heading and subdivisions, if needed, in this section are as described for the materials and methods section.
Acknowledgements: These should be concise. Ethics require that colleagues be consulted before being acknowledged for their assistance in the study. The heading for this section is as for the primary head described for the materials and methods section. Subdivisions are not used in this section.
Literature cited: Citations are arranged alphabetically. All references cited in the text must appear in the literature cited section, and all items in this section must be cited in the text. Citation of unpublished studies or reports is not permitted, i.e., a volume and page number must be available for serials and a publisher, city, state, and full pagination for books. Abstracts not subjected to peer review may not be cited. Work may be cited as "in press" only if proof has been produced. If absolutely necessary, a statement may be documented in the text of the paper by "pers. comm.", providing a copy of that page signed by the person cited accompanies the manuscript. In those cases, the citation is indicated in the style: (X. Y. Smith, pers. comm.). Personal communications do not appear in the literature cited section. Do not indent anything; Allen Press has a computer program that will handle all citations and indent as appropriate.
Style in the text:
(Allen, 1989)
(Allen and Smith, 1989)
(Allen et al., 1989)
(Jones, 1987; Allen, 1989)--chronological
(Jones 1987; Allen, 1989; Smith, 1989) -- chronological and
alphabetical within year
(Jones, 1987, 1988a, 1988b, 1989)
Multiple authors with the same year of publication should be
(Smith, Jones et al., l 988; Smith, Walker, and Jones,1988),
not (Smith et al., 1988a, 1988b)
Style in the literature cited section (note that indentations are no longer required):
Journal article, 1 author
Nollen, P. M. 1990. Chemosensitivity of Philophthalmus
megalurus (Trematoda) miracidia. Journal of Parasitology
76: 439-440.
Journal article, 2 authors
Edwards, D. D., and A. O. Bush. 1989. Helminth communities in
avocets: Importance of the compound community. Journal
of Parasitology 75: 225-238.
Book
Schmidt, G. D., and L. S. Roberts. 1989. Foundations of
parasitology, 4th ed. Times Mirror/Mosby College Publishing
Company, St. Louis, Missouri, 750 p.
Chapter in edited book
Nesheim, M. C. 1989. Ascariasis and human nutrition. In
Ascariasis and its prevention and control, D. W. T. Crompton,
M. C. Nesheim, and Z. S. Pawlowski (eds.). Taylor and
Francis, London, U.K., p. 87-100.
Thesis or dissertation
Monks, W. S. 1987. Relationship between the density of
Moniliformis moniliformis and distribution within the definitive
host population. M.S. Thesis. University of Nebraska-Lincoln,
Lincoln, Nebraska, 64 p.
Note that abbreviations are not used for titles or serial publications and that spaces appear between initials.
The literature cited section has a primary heading as described for materials and methods.
Footnotes: Footnotes are used only for the title page of regular articles to indicate authors' addresses. Those for tables are typed directly under the table to which they pertain. Footnotes appear on a separate page with a primary heading as described for materials and methods.
Tables: Tables are used only to present data that cannot be incorporated conveniently into the text. Ordinarily values from statistical tests are not published as tables; tests employed and probability accepted for significance can be stated in the materials and methods section with significant differences indicated in tables by footnotes or in the text by a statement.
Tables must be designed to fit in 1 or 2 columns. Only rarely may they be designed to fit the height of a printed page. Generally, if the width does not fit the height of a typed page, the table is too wide. Tables may be continued on following pages to accommodate length, but pages may not be taped together, photoreduced, single-spaced, oversized, or otherwise modified to contain more material.
Tables are numbered with Roman numerals in a continuous series and so referenced, in sequence, in the text. Captions are typed above the data on the same page. Species names are spelled out in full (and italicized) the first time used in each caption. All columns in a table must have headings, with the first letter of the first word and proper nouns capitalized, e.g., Number sampled, % Recaptured.
Horizontal lines should be avoided in the body of the table; vertical lines or vertical symbols spanning more than 1 line of type are not permitted. If such symbols are necessary, the table must be prepared as a line drawing and treated as a figure. Use of letters and numbers as superscripts or subscripts is not permitted. Table designations must be used in the obligate sequence that follows: 
Figures: Each figure or plate of figures must have a caption. The caption is written in paragraph style, beginning with the word "Figure." Captions are typed in roman, except when italic type is required (e.g., a genus and species). For plates, a summary statement should precede the specific explanation of each figure. Avoid repeating information for each figure that can be placed in the summary statement. Species names are spelled out in full the first time used in each caption. The caption must contain an explanation of all abbreviations used on the figures and indicate the value of lines or bars used to show size (unless the value is shown directly on the figure). Size should not be indicated by magnification in the caption because the figure might not be printed at the size calculated.
Figures are numbered consecutively in the sequence mentioned in the text. Nonparenthetical references to figures in the text are not abbreviated, i.e., Figure l; Figures 1, 2; Figures 1- 3; references to figures in parentheses in the text are abbreviated, i.e., Fig. 1; Figs. 1, 2; Figs. 1-3. All symbols used in a figure must be defined when possible by a key within the body of the figure. Style, including the form of abbreviation, must be that used in the Journal. When symbols are set in the caption, the following are available: Others require artwork and the additional expense may be billed to the author. Freehand labeling of figures is not acceptable.
Figures may be used singly or grouped in plate. In either case, the originals must be mounted on illustration board with a margin of at least 25 mm on all sides. Photographs and line drawings may not be combined in a single plate. If such a composition is necessary, the additional expense may be billed to the author. All figures are to be identified on the back by author name and figure number with the top indicated. Single figures are not numbered on the front, but each figure in a plate must include a number or letter, applied directly to the figure and, when possible, without an added background. Figures arranged to form a plate are to be abutted tightly without space or masking between.
Figures and plates are printed in 1 (88 mm wide) or 2 (182 mm wide) columns. Length may be up to 229 mm, but in practice it should be shorter to allow room beneath for the caption as published in the Journal. Publication may be delayed if the caption cannot be included on the same page as the figure(s). All figures and plates should be prepared in a space proportional to the printed dimensions and must stand reduction to them.
Originals of line drawings are not required for review purposes; provide instead a clear, sharp, offset print or photograph for printing and good photocopies (3) or photographs for review. Photocopies of photographs or other halftones are not acceptable, even for review. If figures provided for review are not mounted, they should be printed or photocopied on 8 l/2 x 11-inch paper. The quality of review copies must be adequate to permit evaluation of the work and judging of the suitability for publication. An author's excuse that the original shows detail not seen in the review copy will seldom lead to reconsideration. Original line drawings are preferable for publication purposes.
Research notes
Manuscripts are to be organized in the following format and sequence with all pages, including the title page, numbered consecutively.
Title page: Research Notes do not have a running head, but should be identified as such on the title page. On the first page, give the title of the note in bold type and capitalize only the first letter of all principal words. On a separate line, give the names of the authors, also in bold type, and capitalize only the authors' initials and first letter of the last name. On a third line (and following lines, if necessary) give addresses of the authors in roman type, joined by semicolons, matched to authors other than the first one by symbols like those used for tables. Begin all 3 lines at the lefl-hand margin. At the bottom of the page, give the name and address of the author designated to received correspondence from the editor and proofs from the printer.
Abstract: An abstract is to be provided as described for articles.
Text: The text of a research note is written without sections and without extra spacing between paragraphs. Acknowledgments may be given, without heading, as the last paragraph. Literature is cited in the text as described for articles.
Literature cited, tables, figure captions, and figures: These items are in the form and sequence described for articles.
Review articles
Invited review articles are in the form described for articles, except that other sections may be used in place of the materials and methods, results, and discussion sections. Headings should be restricted to major headings and no more than 2 sublevels. Extra spacing between paragraphs is not permitted. Use of tabular data or figures from the work of others must be consistent with copyright law, and it is the responsibility of the author to supply appropriate permissions when the manuscript is submitted.
Critical comments
Manuscripts are to be organized in the following format and sequence with all pages, beginning with the title page, numbered consecutively.
Title page: On a single separate page, starting at the left-hand margin, give the title of the article in bold type and capitalized. At the bottom of the page, give the name (boldface) and address of the author designated to receive correspondence from the editor and proofs from the printer.
Text: The text is written without subdivision and without extra spacing between paragraphs. Literature citations are made as for articles. Acknowledgments may be included as an unheaded final paragraph.
Literature cited: If citations have been used in the text, the literature cited section is as described for articles.
Names and addresses of authors: These follow the text or, if present, the literature cited section. The style is as described for research notes.
Tables, figure captions, and figures: When present, these are as described for articles.
Book reviews
Manuscripts are organized in the following format and sequence with all pages, beginning with that for the title, numbered consecutively.
Title page: On a single separate page, give the title of the book being reviewed in the style:
Toxoplasmosis of Animals and Man, by J. P. Dubey and C. P. Beattie. CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida. 1988. 220 p. Hardcover $124.95. Note that, unlike in literature cited sections, the first letter of principal words is capitalized and that no comma is used between authors when there are only 2. The words "edited by" are substituted for "by" when appropriate. The book title, etc., should begin at the left-hand margin.
Text: The text usually is not subdivided and extra spacing between paragraphs is not permitted. If literature must be cited, a headed literature cited section follows the text in the style described for articles. Figures and tables should not be used. Begin as a new paragraph immediately following the book title.
Name and address of author: This information follows the text or, if present, the literature cited section. The reviewer's name should be in bold type.
General points of style
Scientific names: The full binomen is written out at the first use of a species name. At subsequent use, the generic component is abbreviated by use of the first letter, except at the beginning of a sentence where it is written out. Genera and species should be italicized, not underlined, throughout the manuscript. Author and date citations for scientific names need not be used in non-systematic papers. In systematic papers, author and date citations are used the first time a taxon is mentioned in the abstract and the text, but not subsequently except as described for tables and figures. Use must be according to the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature and should be consistent, i.e., for all parasite and host species mentioned. Author and date citations used only as authorities for scientific names do not appear in the literature cited section.
Authors are reminded that names of taxa are not names of organisms, e.g., Fasciola is the name of a genus (a group of related species) and as such it does not lay eggs, ingest cells, possess a sucker, etc. These are properties of organisms.
Ecological terms: The terms prevalence, incidence, intensity, mean intensity, density, relative density, abundance, infrapopulation, suprapopulation, site, niche, and habitat are to be used as recommended by the ASP Ad Hoc Committee on the Use of Ecological Terms in Parasitology (1982, Journal of Parasitology 68: 131-133).
Mathematical and chemical notations: Authors should attempt to write mathematical equations so that they can be set in 1 line of type. When 1 unit appears in a denominator, use the solidus, e.g.,  ; for 2 or more units in a denominator, use negative exponents, e.g.,  . Manuscripts submitted to the Journal of Parasitology should conform to the same conventions as those used for chemical and biochemical/ molecular nomenclature.
All chemical structures not accommodated by a single line of type must be drafted and reproduced as figures.
Use of numbers: In the text numbers should be Arabic numerals except when beginning a sentence. Naked decimals are not permitted in the text, tables, legends, or on figures, i.e., 0.1, not .1. Numbers greater than 999 must have commas. Metric units are to be used in all articles. The 24-hour system is used to indicate time, e.g., 1500 hr.
Acronyms and abbreviations: At first use, acronyms are placed in parentheses following the name written out in full. At subsequent use, the acronym alone is used. An acronym may begin a sentence. Sentences may not begin with an abbreviation, and abbreviations are as recommended in the Council of Biology Editors (CBE) style manual. The Journal uses all International System of Measurement (SI) metric unit abbreviations. Common CBE and SI abbreviations include the following (the same abbreviation is used for plural form):
wk (week)
hr (hour; use 0-2400 hr for time)
sec (second)
min (minute)
mo (month)
day (not abbreviated)
n. sp. (new species)
n. gen. (new genus)
L (liter; but ml for milliliter)
g (gravity; not x g)
RH (relative humidity)
P.o. (per os)
s.c. (subcutaneous)
i.pl. (intrapleural)
i.p. (intraperitoneal)
PI (postinoculation)
p. (page)
ad lib. (ad libitum)
U.S.A. (as a noun)
U.S. (as an adjective)
sp. gr. (specific gravity)
t-test
U-test
P (probability)
x (arithmetic mean)
r (correlation coefficient)
n (sample size)
SD (standard deviation of the mean)
SE (standard error of the mean)
df (degrees of freedom)
NS (not significant)
Basic Sl units
Meter m
Kilogram kg
Second sec
Ampere A
Volt V
Mole mol
Prefixes for Sl units
deci d
centi c
milli m
micro u
nano n
pico p
deca da
hecto h
kilo k
mega M
giga G
tera T
Miscellaneous: Unless stated otherwise, U.S.A. is understood for locations, including addresses of authors, and is not stated.
Words and abbreviations in Latin and other non-English languages, except for genus and species names, are not italicized.
American spelling supersedes English spelling.
No and none are treated as singular, e.g., no worm was found. If this form is not satisfactory, avoid use of the words.
The suffix -like is hyphenated only in combination with a name in italic type or to avoid a triple l.
Studies involving sacrifice of animals are outside the scope of the journal; however, many appropriate studies involve killing of animals.
Because manuscripts are accepted only with the understanding that the work was conducted in compliance with all relevant laws and within the ASP policy on animal care and use, a separate statement regarding animal care and use is not printed as a part of each paper. Likewise, use of the word euthanasia is redundant.
Papers are not dedicated to individuals. Dedication is only at the direction of the ASP Council, and it is in the form of an entire issue.
Revising manuscripts
When manuscripts are returned for revision, a cover letter from the editor provides directions that must be followed carefully. When submitting the revised manuscript, include a cover letter giving the manuscript number and describing how the manuscript has been revised. A point-by-point statement of what has been revised and a brief rebuttal of those criticisms not addressed should be provided. All suggestions of the reviewers and the editor must be addressed individually. Reviewers are assigned numbers to simplify this process. The revised manuscript and the author's comments usually are reviewed again.
Submit 2 hard copies of the revision that include 2 sets of tables and figures; these hard copies should be printed from the final revision as it appears on the diskette (3.5" or 5.25" HD/ DD disc). The diskette should include the text, literature cited, and figure legends. Do not place the tables or the figures on the diskette, as these should be submitted separately as hard copies. Complete instructions for preparation of the diskette will accompany the letter of acceptance and reviews. Retain a complete and exact copy of the manuscript, tables, and figures for reference and to protect against loss.
Correcting proofs and ordering reprints
Authors are responsible for the accuracy of their proofs and, therefore, what ultimately is printed in the Journal. Corrected proofs must be returned to the editor promptly, ideally on the same day as received. Receipt of proof is not acknowledged; authors are notified when proof is not received. Proofs are to be corrected, not revised. Additions usually are disallowed except to correct errors made in typesetting and by the editor. Correction of errors made by the author may be billed to the author at the rate of $3.75 each. Queries on the proof are to be answered by "yes" or "no"; do not use "ok" or "stet."
A form for ordering reprints accompanies the proof. Only the author designated to receive correspondence receives proof and reprint order forms. It is the responsibility of this author is clear the proof with other authors and to provide opportunity for them to order reprints. Reprint orders are to be returned to Allen Press at the address on the form. Orders received after printing of the issue containing the article cannot be filled.
SCHEDULE FOR PRINTING
INSTRUCTIONS
These instructions, or a revision, will be printed annually in the February issue of the Journal. Reprints are available from the editor.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
These instructions are a revision of policies and practices formulated by previous editors. The staff at Allen Press, especially Phil Collison and Annielaurie Seifert, and the copy editor, Sally Mason, contributed ideas and advice for the revision.
Editorial Board
- EDITOR:
Gerald W. Esch
ASSOCIATE EDITORS
Behaviour -
Michael V.K. Sukhdeo
Biochemistry-Physiology -
Carmen F. Fioravanti
Development -
Timothy P. Yoshino
Ecology-Epidemiology -
Albert O. Bush, Allen W. Shostak
Ectoparasitology
George W. Benz, James H. Oliver, Jr
Genetics-Evolution
Dante Zarlenga
Immunology
Stephen G. Kayes, Malcolm R. Powell
Invertebrate-Parasite Relationships
A.J. Nappi
Life cycles-Survey
William F. Font, Jeffrey M. Lotz
Molecular-Cell biology
Judy Sakanari
Pathology
Byron L. Blagburn
Special projects
John A. Oaks
Systematics-Phylogenetics
John R. Barta, Delane C. Kritsky
Therapeutics-Diagnostics
Timothy G. Geary
CONSULTANTS
- Bruce M. Christensen
Herman E. Eure
Scott L. Gardner
- John Janovy Jr.
- Marylin E. Scott
- J. Richard Seed
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