期刊名称：IMAGE AND VISION COMPUTING
 期刊简介(About the journal)
投稿须知(Instructions to Authors)
编辑部信息(Editorial Board)
About the journal
Image and Vision Computing has as a primary aim the provision of an effective medium of interchange for the results of high quality theoretical and applied research fundamental to all aspects of image processing and computational vision. The journal publishes work that addresses the application of methods to real world scenes and seeks to strengthen a deeper understanding in the discipline by encouraging the quantitative comparison and performance evaluation of the emerging components of image processing and computational vision systems. The coverage includes: image sensing, capture, processing, storage and transmission, image representation, scene modelling, object modelling and knowledge acquisition, psychophysical aspects of biological and computational vision, image databases, monitoring and surveillance, image generation, active vision and robotic systems, visual inspection, autonomous vehicles, document image understanding, character and handwritten text recognition, data fusion from multiple sensor inputs, cognitive aspects of image understanding, architecture of imaging and vision systems, embedded vision applications including wider HCI and control issues, applications of image processing and image understanding in medicine, commerce and manufacturing, remote sensing of earth resources, transport and highway control.
Instructions to Authors
Submission checklist
It is hoped that this list will be useful during the final checking of an article prior to sending it to the journal's editor for review. Please consult this Guide for Authors for further details of any item.
Ensure that the following items are present:
· One author designated as corresponding author:
· E-mail address
· Full postal address
· Telephone and fax numbers
· Keywords
· All figure captions
· All tables (including title, description, footnotes)
In case of a hardcopy submission, please also make sure that:
· Disk is enclosed
· The electronic version and the hardcopy of the manuscript are identical
· Disk has been labelled with
-article details (first author, first words of title)
-file name(s)
-media format (e.g., PC, Mac)
-file format (e.g., Word, LaTeX)
· Of all artwork, high quality originals are provided
Further considerations:
· Manuscript has been "spell checked"
· References are in the correct format for this journal
· All references mentioned in the Reference list are cited in the text, and vice versa
· Permission has been obtained for use of copyrighted material from other sources (including the Web)
· Colour figures are clearly marked as being intended for colour reproduction or to be reproduced in black-and-white
For any further information please contact the Author Support Department at authorsupport@elsevier.com
Submission of articles
General
It is essential to give a fax number and e-mail address when submitting a manuscript. Articles must be written in good English.
Submission of an article implies that the work described has not been published previously (except in the form of an abstract or as part of a published lecture or academic thesis), that it is not under consideration for publication elsewhere, that its publication is approved by all authors and tacitly or explicitly by the responsible authorities where the work was carried out, and that, if accepted, it will not be published elsewhere in the same form, in English or in any other language, without the written consent of the Publisher.
Upon acceptance of an article, authors will be asked to transfer copyright (for more information on copyright, see http://authors.elsevier.com). This transfer will ensure the widest possible dissemination of information. A letter will be sent to the corresponding author confirming receipt of the manuscript. A form facilitating transfer of copyright will be provided.
If excerpts from other copyrighted works are included, the author(s) must obtain written permission from the copyright owners and credit the source(s) in the article. Elsevier has preprinted forms for use by authors in these cases: contact Elsevier Global Rights Department, P.O. Box 800, Oxford, OX5 1DX, UK; phone: (+44) 1865 843830, fax: (+44) 1865 853333, e-mail: permissions@elsevier.com
Should authors be requested by the editor to revise the text, the revised version should be submitted within four month. After this period, the article will be regarded as a new submission.
Submission to the journal prior to acceptance
In case of hardcopy submission, four copies of the manuscript, including one set of high-quality original illustrations, suitable for direct reproduction, should be submitted. (Copies of the illustrations are acceptable for the other sets of manuscripts, as long as the quality permits refereeing.)
On-line submission to the journal prior to acceptance
Authors can also upload their article as a LaTeX, Microsoft? (MS) Word?, WordPerfect?, PostScript or Adobe? Acrobat? PDF document via the "Author Gateway" page of this journal (http://authors.elsevier.com), where you will also find a detailed description on its use. The system generates an Adobe Acrobat PDF version of the article which is used for the reviewing process. It is crucial that all graphical and tabular elements be placed within the text, so that the file is suitable for reviewing. Authors, Reviewers and Editors send and receive all correspondence by e-mail and no paper correspondence is necessary.
Note: compuscripts submitted are converted into PDF for the review process but may need to be edited after acceptance to follow journal standards. For this an "editable" file format is necessary. See the section on "Electronic format requirements for accepted articles" and the further general instructions on how to prepare your article below.
Electronic format requirements for accepted articles
General points We accept most wordprocessing formats, but Word, WordPerfect or LaTeX is preferred. An electronic version of the text should be submitted together with the final hardcopy of the manuscript. The electronic version must match the hardcopy exactly. Always keep a backup copy of the electronic file for reference and safety. Label storage media with your name, journal title, and software used. Save your files using the default extension of the program used. No changes to the accepted version are permissible without the explicit approval of the Editor. Electronic files can be stored on 3? inch diskette, ZIP-disk or CD (either MS-DOS or Macintosh).
Wordprocessor documents
It is important that the file be saved in the native format of the wordprocessor used. The text should be in single-column format. Keep the layout of the text as simple as possible. Most formatting codes will be removed and replaced on processing the article. In particular, do not use the wordprocessor's options to justify text or to hyphenate words. However, do use bold face, italics, subscripts, superscripts etc. Do not embed ?graphically designed' equations or tables, but prepare these using the wordprocessor's facility. When preparing tables, if you are using a table grid, use only one grid for each individual table and not a grid for each row. If no grid is used, use tabs, not spaces, to align columns. The electronic text should be prepared in a way very similar to that of conventional manuscripts (see also the Author Gateway's Quickguide: http://authors.elsevier.com). Do not import the figures into the text file but, instead, indicate their approximate locations directly in the electronic text and on the manuscript. See also the section on Preparation of electronic illustrations.
To avoid unnecessary errors you are strongly advised to use the ?spellchecker' function of your wordprocessor.
LaTeX documents
If the LaTeX file is suitable, proofs will be produced without rekeying the text. The article should preferably be written using Elsevier's document class ?elsart', or alternatively the standard document class ?article'.
The Elsevier LaTeX package (including detailed instructions for LaTeX preparation) can be obtained from the Author Gateway's Quickguide: http://authors.elsevier.com. It consists of the files: elsart.cls (use this file if you are using LaTeX2e, the current version of LaTeX), elsart.sty and elsart12.sty (use these two files if you are using LaTeX2.09, the previous version of LaTeX), guidelines for users of elsart, a template file for quick start, and the instruction booklet "Preparing articles with LaTeX".
Although Elsevier can process most wordprocessor file formats, should your electronic file prove to be unusable, the article will be typeset from the hardcopy printout.
Preparation of text
Presentation of manuscript
General
Please write your text in good English. Spelling should follow the Oxford English Dictionary. Italics are not to be used for expressions of Latin origin, for example, in vivo, et al., per se. Use decimal points (not commas); use a space for thousands (10 000 and above). Note that trade names should have an initial capital letter.
In case of a hardcopy submission, please print the entire manuscript on one side of the paper only, using double spacing and wide (3 cm) margins. (Avoid full justification, i.e., do not use a constant right-hand margin.) Ensure that each new paragraph is clearly indicated. Present tables and figure legends on separate pages at the end of the manuscript. If possible, consult a recent issue of the journal to become familiar with layout and conventions. Number all pages consecutively.
Provide the following data on the title page (in the order given).
Title. Concise and informative. Titles are often used in information-retrieval systems. Avoid abbreviations and formulae where possible.
Author names and affiliations. Where the family name may be ambiguous (e.g., a double name), please indicate this clearly. Present the authors' affiliation addresses (where the actual work was done) below the names. Indicate all affiliations with a lower-case superscript letter immediately after the author's name and in front of the appropriate address. Provide the full postal address of each affiliation, including the country name, and, if available, the e-mail address of each author.
Corresponding author. Clearly indicate who is willing to handle correspondence at all stages of refereeing and publication, also post-publication. Ensure that telephone and fax numbers (with country and area code) are provided in addition to the e-mail address and the complete postal address.
Present / permanent address. If an author has moved since the work described in the article was done, or was visiting at the time, a ?Present address' (or ?Permanent address') may be indicated as a footnote to that author's name. The address at which the author actually did the work must be retained as the main, affiliation address. Superscript Arabic numerals are used for such footnotes.
Abstract. A concise and factual abstract, of around 100 words, is required. The abstract should state briefly the purpose of the research, the principal results and major conclusions. An abstract is oftenpresented separate from the article, so it must be able to stand alone. References should therefore be avoided, but if essential, they must be cited in full, without reference to the reference list. Non-standard or uncommon abbreviations should be avoided, but if essential they must be defined at their first mention in the abstract itself.
Keywords. Immediately after the abstract, provide three keywords, using British spelling and avoiding general and plural terms and multiple concepts (avoid, for example, ?and', ?of'). Be sparing with abbreviations: only abbreviations firmly established in the field may be eligible. These keywords will be used for indexing purposes.
Abbreviations. Define abbreviations and symbols that are not standard in this field at their first occurrence in the article: in the abstract but also in the main text after it. Ensure consistency of abbreviations throughout the article.
N.B. Acknowledgements. Collate acknowledgements in a separate section at the end of the article and do not, therefore, include them on the title page, as a footnote to the title or otherwise.
Arrangement of the article
Subdivision of the article. Divide your article in the simplest way possible, consistent with clarity. Subsections should be numbered 1.1 (then 1.1.1, 1.1.2, ?), 1.2, etc. (the abstract is not included in section numbering). Use this numbering also for internal cross-referencing: do not just refer to ?the text.' Any subsection may be given a brief heading. Each heading should appear on its own separate line.
The text should usually follow the standard sequence of Introduction, Method, Results and Discussion. Detailed mathematical discussion should be placed in an appendix.
Appendices. If there is more than one appendix, they should be identified as A, B, etc. Formulae and equations in appendices should be given separate numbering: (Eq. A.1), (Eq. A.2), etc.; in a subsequent appendix, (Eq. B.1) and so forth.
Acknowledgements. Place acknowledgements, including information on grants received, before the references, in a separate section, and not as a footnote on the title page.
References. See separate section, below.
Figure legends, tables, figures, schemes. Present these, in this order, at the end of the article. They are described in more detail below. High-resolution graphics files must always be provided separate from the main text file (see Preparation of illustrations).
Text graphics. Present incidental graphics not suitable for mention as figures, plates or schemes at the end of the article and number them ?Graphic 1', etc. Their precise position in the text can then be defined similarly (both on the manuscript and in the file). See further under the section, Preparation of illustrations. If you are working with LaTeX and have such features embedded in the text, these can be left, but such embedding should not be done specifically for publishing purposes. Further, high-resolution graphics files must be provided separately (see Preparation of illustrations).
Specific remarks
Mathematical formulae. Present simple formulae in the line of normal text where possible. In principle, variables are to be presented in italics. Use the solidus (/) instead of a horizontal line, e.g., X/Y rather than
X
Y
Powers of e are often more conveniently denoted by exp.
Number consecutively any equations that have to be displayed separate from the text (if referred to explicitly in the text).
Footnotes. Footnotes should be used sparingly. Number them consecutively throughout the article, using superscript Arabic numbers. Many wordprocessors build footnotes into the text, and this feature may be used. Should this not be the case, indicate the position of footnotes in the text and present the footnotes themselves on a separate sheet at the end of the article. Do not include footnotes in the Reference list.
Table footnotes. Indicate each footnote in a table with a superscript lowercase letter.
Tables. Number tables consecutively in accordance with their appearance in the text. Place footnotes to tables below the table body and indicate them with superscript lowercase letters. Avoid vertical rules. Be sparing in the use of tables and ensure that the data presented in tables do not duplicate results described elsewhere in the article.
Nomenclature and units. Follow internationally accepted rules and conventions: use the international system of units (SI). If other quantities are mentioned, give their equivalent in SI.
Preparation of supplementary data. Elsevier now accepts electronic supplementary material to support and enhance your scientific research. Supplementary files offer the author additional possibilities to publish supporting applications, movies, animation sequences, high-resolution images, background datasets, sound clips and more. Supplementary files supplied will be published online alongside the electronic version of your article in Elsevier web products, including ScienceDirect: http://www.sciencedirect.com. In order to ensure that your submitted material is directly usable, please ensure that data is provided in one of our recommended file formats. Authors should submit the material in electronic format together with the article and supply a concise and descriptive caption for each file. For more detailed instructions please visit our Author Gateway at http://authors.elsevier.com.
Files can be stored on 3? inch diskette, ZIP-disk or CD (either MS-DOS or Macintosh). This journal offers electronic submission services and supplementary data files can be uploaded via the Author Gateway page of this journal via http://authors.elsevier.com.
References
Responsibility for the accuracy of bibliographic citations lies entirely with the authors.
Citations in the text: Please ensure that every reference cited in the text is also present in the reference list (and vice versa). Any references cited in the abstract must be given in full. Unpublished results and personal communications should not be in the reference list, but may be mentioned in the text. Citation of a reference as ?in press' implies that the item has been accepted for publication.
Citing and listing of web references. As a minimum, the full URL should be given. Any further information, if known (author names, dates, reference to a source publication, etc.), should also be given. Web references can be listed separately (e.g., after the reference list) under a different heading if desired, or can be included in the reference list.
Text: Indicate references by number(s) in square brackets in line with the text. The actual authors can be referred to, but the reference number(s) must always be given. All reference should be cited in number order.
Example: "..... as demonstrated [3,6]. Barnaby and Jones [8] obtained a different result ...."
List: Number the references (numbers in square brackets) in the list in the order in which they appear in the text.
Examples:
Reference to a journal publication:
[1] J. van der Geer, J.A.J. Hanraads, R.A. Lupton, The art of writing a scientific article, J. Sci. Commun. 163 (2000) 51-59.
Reference to a book:
[2] W. Strunk Jr., E.B. White, The Elements of Style, third ed., Macmillan, New York, 1979.
Reference to a chapter in an edited book:
[3] G.R. Mettam, L.B. Adams, How to prepare an electronic version of your article, in: B.S. Jones, R.Z. Smith (Eds.), Introduction to the Electronic Age, E-Publishing Inc., New York, 1999, pp. 281-304.
Preparation of illustrations
Preparation of electronic illustrations
Submitting your artwork in an electronic format helps us to produce your work to the best possible standards, ensuring accuracy, clarity and a high level of detail.
General points
· Always supply high-quality printouts of your artwork, in case conversion of the electronic artwork is problematic.
· Make sure you use uniform lettering and sizing of your original artwork.
· Save text in illustrations as "graphics" or enclose the font.
· Only use the following fonts in your illustrations: Arial, Courier, Helvetica, Times, Symbol.
· Number the illustrations according to their sequence in the text.
· Use a logical naming convention for your artwork files, and supply a separate listing of the files and the software used.
· Provide all illustrations as separate files and as hardcopy printouts on separate sheets.
· Provide captions to illustrations separately.
· Produce images near to the desired size of the printed version.
Files can be stored on 3? inch diskette, ZIP-disk or CD (either MS-DOS or Macintosh). This journal offers electronic submission services and graphic files can be uploaded via the Author Gateway page of this journal via http://authors.elsevier.com.
A detailed guide on electronic artwork is available on our website:
http://authors.elsevier.com/artwork
You are urged to visit this site; some excerpts from the detailed information are given here.
Formats
Regardless of the application used, when your electronic artwork is finalised, please "save as" or convert the images to one of the following formats (Note the resolution requirements for line drawings, halftones, and line/halftone combinations given below.):
EPS: Vector drawings. Embed the font or save the text as "graphics".
TIFF: Colour or greyscale photographs (halftones): always use a minimum of 300 dpi.
TIFF: Bitmapped line drawings: use a minimum of 1000 dpi.
TIFF: Combinations bitmapped line/half-tone (colour or greyscale): a minimum of 500 dpi is required.
DOC, XLS or PPT: If your electronic artwork is created in any of these Microsoft Office applications please supply "as is".
Please do not:
· Supply embedded graphics in your wordprocessor (spreadsheet, presentation) document;
· Supply files that are optimised for screen use (like GIF, BMP, PICT, WPG); the resolution is too low;
· Supply files that are too low in resolution;
· Submit graphics that are disproportionately large for the content.
Non-electronic illustrations
Provide all illustrations as high-quality printouts, suitable for reproduction (which may include reduction) without retouching. Number illustrations consecutively in the order in which they are referred to in the text. They should accompany the manuscript, but should not be included within the text. Clearly mark all illustrations on the back (or - in case of line drawings - on the lower front side) with the figure number and the author's name and, in cases of ambiguity, the correct orientation.
Mark the appropriate position of a figure in the article
Captions
Ensure that each illustration has a caption. Supply captions on a separate sheet, not attached to the figure. A caption should comprise a brief title (not on the figure itself) and a description of the illustration. Keep text in the illustrations themselves to a minimum but explain all symbols and abbreviations used.
Graphs and Line drawings
Supply high-quality printouts on white paper produced with black ink. The lettering and symbols, as well as other details, should have proportionate dimensions, so as not to become illegible or unclear after possible reduction; in general, the figures should be designed for a reduction factor of two to three. The degree of reduction will be determined by the Publisher. Illustrations will not be enlarged. Consider the page format of the journal when designing the illustrations.
Photocopies are not suitable for reproduction. Do not use any type of shading on computer-generated illustrations.
Photographs (halftones)
Please supply original photographs for reproduction, printed on glossy paper, very sharp and with good contrast. Remove non-essential areas of a photograph. Do not mount photographs unless they form part of a composite figure. Where necessary, insert a scale bar in the illustration (not below it), as opposed to giving a magnification factor in the legend.
Note that photocopies of photographs are not acceptable.
Guide for Authors
Submission checklist
It is hoped that this list will be useful during the final checking of an article prior to sending it to the journal's editor for review. Please consult this Guide for Authors for further details of any item.
Ensure that the following items are present:
One author designated as corresponding author:
E-mail address
Full postal address
Telephone and fax numbers
Keywords
All figure captions
All tables (including title, description, footnotes)
In case of a hardcopy submission, please also make sure that:
Disk is enclosed
The electronic version and the hardcopy of the manuscript are identical
Disk has been labelled with
-article details (first author, first words of title)
-file name(s)
-media format (e.g., PC, Mac)
-file format (e.g., Word, LaTeX)
Of all artwork, high quality originals are provided
Further considerations:
Manuscript has been "spell checked"
References are in the correct format for this journal
All references mentioned in the Reference list are cited in the text, and vice versa
Permission has been obtained for use of copyrighted material from other sources (including the Web)
Colour figures are clearly marked as being intended for colour reproduction or to be reproduced in black-and-white
For any further information please contact the Author Support Department at authorsupport@elsevier.com
Submission of articles
General
It is essential to give a fax number and e-mail address when submitting a manuscript. Articles must be written in good English.
Submission of an article implies that the work described has not been published previously (except in the form of an abstract or as part of a published lecture or academic thesis), that it is not under consideration for publication elsewhere, that its publication is approved by all authors and tacitly or explicitly by the responsible authorities where the work was carried out, and that, if accepted, it will not be published elsewhere in the same form, in English or in any other language, without the written consent of the Publisher.
Upon acceptance of an article, authors will be asked to transfer copyright (for more information on copyright, see http://authors.elsevier.com). This transfer will ensure the widest possible dissemination of information. A letter will be sent to the corresponding author confirming receipt of the manuscript. A form facilitating transfer of copyright will be provided.
If excerpts from other copyrighted works are included, the author(s) must obtain written permission from the copyright owners and credit the source(s) in the article. Elsevier has preprinted forms for use by authors in these cases: contact Elsevier Global Rights Department, P.O. Box 800, Oxford, OX5 1DX, UK; phone: (+44) 1865 843830, fax: (+44) 1865 853333, e-mail: permissions@elsevier.com
Should authors be requested by the editor to revise the text, the revised version should be submitted within four month. After this period, the article will be regarded as a new submission.
Submission to the journal prior to acceptance
In case of hardcopy submission, four copies of the manuscript, including one set of high-quality original illustrations, suitable for direct reproduction, should be submitted. (Copies of the illustrations are acceptable for the other sets of manuscripts, as long as the quality permits refereeing.)
On-line submission to the journal prior to acceptance
Authors can also upload their article as a LaTeX, Microsoft? (MS) Word?, WordPerfect?, PostScript or Adobe? Acrobat? PDF document via the "Author Gateway" page of this journal (http://authors.elsevier.com), where you will also find a detailed description on its use. The system generates an Adobe Acrobat PDF version of the article which is used for the reviewing process. It is crucial that all graphical and tabular elements be placed within the text, so that the file is suitable for reviewing. Authors, Reviewers and Editors send and receive all correspondence by e-mail and no paper correspondence is necessary.
Note: compuscripts submitted are converted into PDF for the review process but may need to be edited after acceptance to follow journal standards. For this an "editable" file format is necessary. See the section on "Electronic format requirements for accepted articles" and the further general instructions on how to prepare your article below.
Electronic format requirements for accepted articles
General points We accept most wordprocessing formats, but Word, WordPerfect or LaTeX is preferred. An electronic version of the text should be submitted together with the final hardcopy of the manuscript. The electronic version must match the hardcopy exactly. Always keep a backup copy of the electronic file for reference and safety. Label storage media with your name, journal title, and software used. Save your files using the default extension of the program used. No changes to the accepted version are permissible without the explicit approval of the Editor. Electronic files can be stored on 3? inch diskette, ZIP-disk or CD (either MS-DOS or Macintosh).
Wordprocessor documents
It is important that the file be saved in the native format of the wordprocessor used. The text should be in single-column format. Keep the layout of the text as simple as possible. Most formatting codes will be removed and replaced on processing the article. In particular, do not use the wordprocessor's options to justify text or to hyphenate words. However, do use bold face, italics, subscripts, superscripts etc. Do not embed ?graphically designed' equations or tables, but prepare these using the wordprocessor's facility. When preparing tables, if you are using a table grid, use only one grid for each individual table and not a grid for each row. If no grid is used, use tabs, not spaces, to align columns. The electronic text should be prepared in a way very similar to that of conventional manuscripts (see also the Author Gateway's Quickguide: http://authors.elsevier.com). Do not import the figures into the text file but, instead, indicate their approximate locations directly in the electronic text and on the manuscript. See also the section on Preparation of electronic illustrations.
To avoid unnecessary errors you are strongly advised to use the ?spellchecker' function of your wordprocessor.
LaTeX documents
If the LaTeX file is suitable, proofs will be produced without rekeying the text. The article should preferably be written using Elsevier's document class ?elsart', or alternatively the standard document class ?article'.
The Elsevier LaTeX package (including detailed instructions for LaTeX preparation) can be obtained from the Author Gateway's Quickguide: http://authors.elsevier.com. It consists of the files: elsart.cls (use this file if you are using LaTeX2e, the current version of LaTeX), elsart.sty and elsart12.sty (use these two files if you are using LaTeX2.09, the previous version of LaTeX), guidelines for users of elsart, a template file for quick start, and the instruction booklet "Preparing articles with LaTeX".
Although Elsevier can process most wordprocessor file formats, should your electronic file prove to be unusable, the article will be typeset from the hardcopy printout.
Preparation of text
Presentation of manuscript
General
Please write your text in good English. Spelling should follow the Oxford English Dictionary. Italics are not to be used for expressions of Latin origin, for example, in vivo, et al., per se. Use decimal points (not commas); use a space for thousands (10 000 and above). Note that trade names should have an initial capital letter.
In case of a hardcopy submission, please print the entire manuscript on one side of the paper only, using double spacing and wide (3 cm) margins. (Avoid full justification, i.e., do not use a constant right-hand margin.) Ensure that each new paragraph is clearly indicated. Present tables and figure legends on separate pages at the end of the manuscript. If possible, consult a recent issue of the journal to become familiar with layout and conventions. Number all pages consecutively.
Provide the following data on the title page (in the order given).
Title. Concise and informative. Titles are often used in information-retrieval systems. Avoid abbreviations and formulae where possible.
Author names and affiliations. Where the family name may be ambiguous (e.g., a double name), please indicate this clearly. Present the authors' affiliation addresses (where the actual work was done) below the names. Indicate all affiliations with a lower-case superscript letter immediately after the author's name and in front of the appropriate address. Provide the full postal address of each affiliation, including the country name, and, if available, the e-mail address of each author.
Corresponding author. Clearly indicate who is willing to handle correspondence at all stages of refereeing and publication, also post-publication. Ensure that telephone and fax numbers (with country and area code) are provided in addition to the e-mail address and the complete postal address.
Present / permanent address. If an author has moved since the work described in the article was done, or was visiting at the time, a ?Present address' (or ?Permanent address') may be indicated as a footnote to that author's name. The address at which the author actually did the work must be retained as the main, affiliation address. Superscript Arabic numerals are used for such footnotes.
Abstract. A concise and factual abstract, of around 100 words, is required. The abstract should state briefly the purpose of the research, the principal results and major conclusions. An abstract is oftenpresented separate from the article, so it must be able to stand alone. References should therefore be avoided, but if essential, they must be cited in full, without reference to the reference list. Non-standard or uncommon abbreviations should be avoided, but if essential they must be defined at their first mention in the abstract itself.
Keywords. Immediately after the abstract, provide three keywords, using British spelling and avoiding general and plural terms and multiple concepts (avoid, for example, ?and', ?of'). Be sparing with abbreviations: only abbreviations firmly established in the field may be eligible. These keywords will be used for indexing purposes.
Abbreviations. Define abbreviations and symbols that are not standard in this field at their first occurrence in the article: in the abstract but also in the main text after it. Ensure consistency of abbreviations throughout the article.
N.B. Acknowledgements. Collate acknowledgements in a separate section at the end of the article and do not, therefore, include them on the title page, as a footnote to the title or otherwise.
Arrangement of the article
Subdivision of the article. Divide your article in the simplest way possible, consistent with clarity. Subsections should be numbered 1.1 (then 1.1.1, 1.1.2, ?), 1.2, etc. (the abstract is not included in section numbering). Use this numbering also for internal cross-referencing: do not just refer to ?the text.' Any subsection may be given a brief heading. Each heading should appear on its own separate line.
The text should usually follow the standard sequence of Introduction, Method, Results and Discussion. Detailed mathematical discussion should be placed in an appendix.
Appendices. If there is more than one appendix, they should be identified as A, B, etc. Formulae and equations in appendices should be given separate numbering: (Eq. A.1), (Eq. A.2), etc.; in a subsequent appendix, (Eq. B.1) and so forth.
Acknowledgements. Place acknowledgements, including information on grants received, before the references, in a separate section, and not as a footnote on the title page.
References. See separate section, below.
Figure legends, tables, figures, schemes. Present these, in this order, at the end of the article. They are described in more detail below. High-resolution graphics files must always be provided separate from the main text file (see Preparation of illustrations).
Text graphics. Present incidental graphics not suitable for mention as figures, plates or schemes at the end of the article and number them ?Graphic 1', etc. Their precise position in the text can then be defined similarly (both on the manuscript and in the file). See further under the section, Preparation of illustrations. If you are working with LaTeX and have such features embedded in the text, these can be left, but such embedding should not be done specifically for publishing purposes. Further, high-resolution graphics files must be provided separately (see Preparation of illustrations).
Specific remarks
Mathematical formulae. Present simple formulae in the line of normal text where possible. In principle, variables are to be presented in italics. Use the solidus (/) instead of a horizontal line, e.g., X/Y rather than
X
Y
Powers of e are often more conveniently denoted by exp.
Number consecutively any equations that have to be displayed separate from the text (if referred to explicitly in the text).
Footnotes. Footnotes should be used sparingly. Number them consecutively throughout the article, using superscript Arabic numbers. Many wordprocessors build footnotes into the text, and this feature may be used. Should this not be the case, indicate the position of footnotes in the text and present the footnotes themselves on a separate sheet at the end of the article. Do not include footnotes in the Reference list.
Table footnotes. Indicate each footnote in a table with a superscript lowercase letter.
Tables. Number tables consecutively in accordance with their appearance in the text. Place footnotes to tables below the table body and indicate them with superscript lowercase letters. Avoid vertical rules. Be sparing in the use of tables and ensure that the data presented in tables do not duplicate results described elsewhere in the article.
Nomenclature and units. Follow internationally accepted rules and conventions: use the international system of units (SI). If other quantities are mentioned, give their equivalent in SI.
Preparation of supplementary data. Elsevier now accepts electronic supplementary material to support and enhance your scientific research. Supplementary files offer the author additional possibilities to publish supporting applications, movies, animation sequences, high-resolution images, background datasets, sound clips and more. Supplementary files supplied will be published online alongside the electronic version of your article in Elsevier web products, including ScienceDirect: http://www.sciencedirect.com. In order to ensure that your submitted material is directly usable, please ensure that data is provided in one of our recommended file formats. Authors should submit the material in electronic format together with the article and supply a concise and descriptive caption for each file. For more detailed instructions please visit our Author Gateway at http://authors.elsevier.com.
Files can be stored on 3? inch diskette, ZIP-disk or CD (either MS-DOS or Macintosh). This journal offers electronic submission services and supplementary data files can be uploaded via the Author Gateway page of this journal via http://authors.elsevier.com.
References
Responsibility for the accuracy of bibliographic citations lies entirely with the authors.
Citations in the text: Please ensure that every reference cited in the text is also present in the reference list (and vice versa). Any references cited in the abstract must be given in full. Unpublished results and personal communications should not be in the reference list, but may be mentioned in the text. Citation of a reference as ?in press' implies that the item has been accepted for publication.
Citing and listing of web references. As a minimum, the full URL should be given. Any further information, if known (author names, dates, reference to a source publication, etc.), should also be given. Web references can be listed separately (e.g., after the reference list) under a different heading if desired, or can be included in the reference list.
Text: Indicate references by number(s) in square brackets in line with the text. The actual authors can be referred to, but the reference number(s) must always be given. All reference should be cited in number order.
Example: "..... as demonstrated [3,6]. Barnaby and Jones [8] obtained a different result ...."
List: Number the references (numbers in square brackets) in the list in the order in which they appear in the text.
Examples:
Reference to a journal publication:
[1] J. van der Geer, J.A.J. Hanraads, R.A. Lupton, The art of writing a scientific article, J. Sci. Commun. 163 (2000) 51-59.
Reference to a book:
[2] W. Strunk Jr., E.B. White, The Elements of Style, third ed., Macmillan, New York, 1979.
Reference to a chapter in an edited book:
[3] G.R. Mettam, L.B. Adams, How to prepare an electronic version of your article, in: B.S. Jones, R.Z. Smith (Eds.), Introduction to the Electronic Age, E-Publishing Inc., New York, 1999, pp. 281-304.
Preparation of illustrations
Preparation of electronic illustrations
Submitting your artwork in an electronic format helps us to produce your work to the best possible standards, ensuring accuracy, clarity and a high level of detail.
General points
Always supply high-quality printouts of your artwork, in case conversion of the electronic artwork is problematic.
Make sure you use uniform lettering and sizing of your original artwork.
Save text in illustrations as "graphics" or enclose the font.
Only use the following fonts in your illustrations: Arial, Courier, Helvetica, Times, Symbol.
Number the illustrations according to their sequence in the text.
Use a logical naming convention for your artwork files, and supply a separate listing of the files and the software used.
Provide all illustrations as separate files and as hardcopy printouts on separate sheets.
Provide captions to illustrations separately.
Produce images near to the desired size of the printed version.
Files can be stored on 3? inch diskette, ZIP-disk or CD (either MS-DOS or Macintosh). This journal offers electronic submission services and graphic files can be uploaded via the Author Gateway page of this journal via http://authors.elsevier.com.
A detailed guide on electronic artwork is available on our website:
http://authors.elsevier.com/artwork
You are urged to visit this site; some excerpts from the detailed information are given here.
Formats
Regardless of the application used, when your electronic artwork is finalised, please "save as" or convert the images to one of the following formats (Note the resolution requirements for line drawings, halftones, and line/halftone combinations given below.):
EPS: Vector drawings. Embed the font or save the text as "graphics".
TIFF: Colour or greyscale photographs (halftones): always use a minimum of 300 dpi.
TIFF: Bitmapped line drawings: use a minimum of 1000 dpi.
TIFF: Combinations bitmapped line/half-tone (colour or greyscale): a minimum of 500 dpi is required.
DOC, XLS or PPT: If your electronic artwork is created in any of these Microsoft Office applications please supply "as is".
Please do not:
Supply embedded graphics in your wordprocessor (spreadsheet, presentation) document;
Supply files that are optimised for screen use (like GIF, BMP, PICT, WPG); the resolution is too low;
Supply files that are too low in resolution;
Submit graphics that are disproportionately large for the content.
Non-electronic illustrations
Provide all illustrations as high-quality printouts, suitable for reproduction (which may include reduction) without retouching. Number illustrations consecutively in the order in which they are referred to in the text. They should accompany the manuscript, but should not be included within the text. Clearly mark all illustrations on the back (or - in case of line drawings - on the lower front side) with the figure number and the author's name and, in cases of ambiguity, the correct orientation.
Mark the appropriate position of a figure in the article
Captions
Ensure that each illustration has a caption. Supply captions on a separate sheet, not attached to the figure. A caption should comprise a brief title (not on the figure itself) and a description of the illustration. Keep text in the illustrations themselves to a minimum but explain all symbols and abbreviations used.
Graphs and Line drawings
Supply high-quality printouts on white paper produced with black ink. The lettering and symbols, as well as other details, should have proportionate dimensions, so as not to become illegible or unclear after possible reduction; in general, the figures should be designed for a reduction factor of two to three. The degree of reduction will be determined by the Publisher. Illustrations will not be enlarged. Consider the page format of the journal when designing the illustrations.
Photocopies are not suitable for reproduction. Do not use any type of shading on computer-generated illustrations.
Photographs (halftones)
Please supply original photographs for reproduction, printed on glossy paper, very sharp and with good contrast. Remove non-essential areas of a photograph. Do not mount photographs unless they form part of a composite figure. Where necessary, insert a scale bar in the illustration (not below it), as opposed to giving a magnification factor in the legend.
Note that photocopies of photographs are not acceptable.
Colour illustrations
Submit colour illustrations as original photographs, high-quality computer prints or transparencies, close to the size expected in publication, or as 35 mm slides. Polaroid colour prints are not suitable. If, together with your accepted article, you submit usable colour figures then Elsevier will ensure, at no additional charge, that these figures will appear in colour on the web (e.g., ScienceDirect and other sites) regardless of whether or not these illustrations are reproduced in colour in the printed version. For colour reproduction in print, you will receive information regarding the costs from Elsevier after receipt of your accepted article. For further information on the preparation of electronic artwork, please see http://authors.elsevier.com/artwork
Please note: Because of technical complications which can arise by converting colour figures to ?grey scale' (for the printed version should you not opt for colour in print) please submit in addition usable black and white prints corresponding to all the colour illustrations.
Proofs
One set of page proofs will be sent to the corresponding author, to be checked for typesetting/editing. No changes in, or additions to, the accepted (and subsequently edited) manuscript will be allowed at this stage. Proofreading is solely your responsibility.
A form with queries from the copyeditor may accompany your proofs. Please answer all queries and make any corrections or additions required.
The Publisher reserves the right to proceed with publication if corrections are not communicated. Return corrections within the time stated after receipt of the proofs. Should there be no corrections, please confirm this.
Elsevier will do everything possible to get your article corrected and published as quickly and accurately as possible. In order to do this we need your help. When you receive the (PDF) proof of your article for correction, it is important to ensure that all of your corrections are sent back to us in one communication. Subsequent corrections will not be possible, so please ensure your first sending is complete. Note that this does not mean you have any less time to make your corrections, just that only one set of corrections will be accepted.
Illustrative material (original figures or high-quality glossy prints, or photographs showing a sharp contrast) should be included separately. No changes from the accepted version are permissible, without the explicit approval by the Editors. The Publisher reserves the right to decide whether to use the author's file or not. If the file is sent by e-mail, the full name of the journal should be mentioned in the subject field of the message to identify the paper. Authors should include an ASCII table (available from the Publisher) in their files to enable the detection of transmission errors. The files should be mailed to:
Anne Meaney
Elsevier Ireland Ltd..,
Elsevier House,
Brookvale Plaza,
East Park
Shannon, Co. Clare, Ireland.
E-mail: a.meaney@elsevier.com.
For the purpose of further correspondence the manuscript should end with a complete mailing address, preferably including email address, of at least one of the authors.
Electronic submission: Non-LaTeX documents
Only the final accepted manuscript can be submitted on disk, along with a paper-printed version which is identical to the file. Please label the disk with your name, and mention which word processor you have used. The word-processed text should be in single column format. Keep the layout of the text as simple as possible; in particular, do not use the word-processor's options to justify the text or to hyphenate the words. The electronic text should be prepared in a way very similar to that of conventional manuscripts (see also Guide for Authors). The list of references, tables and figure legends should be compiled separately from the main text. Do not reserve space for the figures and tables in the text; instead, indicate their approximate locations, either directly in the electronic text or on the manuscript. The final text should be submitted both in manuscript form and on diskette. Use standard 3.5" or 5.25" diskettes for this purpose. Both double density (DD) and high density (HD) diskettes are acceptable. It is recommended to store the main text, list of references, tables and figure legends in separate text files with clearly identifiable file names (for example, with extensions .TXT, REF, TBL, FIG).
The format of the files depends on the word-processor used. Texts made with DEC WPS PLUS, DisplayWrite, First Choice, IBM Writing Assistant, Microsoft Word, Multimate, PFS:Write, Professional Writer, Samma Word, Sprint, Total Word, Volkswriter, Wang PC, WordMARC, WordPerfect, Wordstar, or files supplied in DCA.RFT format can be readily processed. In all other cases the preferred text format is ASCII. Essential is that name and version of the word-processing program and the type of computer on which the text was prepared is clearly indicated on the diskette label or the accompanying checklist.
The manuscript may contain parts (e.g. formulas or complex tables) or last-minute corrections which are not included in the text on diskette; however, if this is the case then the differences with the diskette version should be clearly marked on the manuscript. Illustrative material (original figures or high-quality glossy prints, or photographs showing a sharp contrast) should be included separately.
Keyword Instructions
Keywords are essential for the accessibility and retrievability of your article. Keywords assigned to articles will be assembled in a keyword index which will be printed in the last issue of each volume for each journal, and in cumulative indexes. In addition, it is planned to make keywords available on Internet.
Please assign one to five keywords to your article. To maximize the consistency with which such keywords are assigned by different authors, the following guidelines have been drawn up.
· Each keyword (which can be a phrase of more than one word) should describe one single concept. Often words like "and" or "of" should be avoided.
· Avoid very general keywords which become meaningless once in a keyword list. Examples to avoid are "action", "computer", "mathematics". Check whether the keywords as a whole describe the outlines of the article.
· Use natural language: for instance "automatic error recovery" rather than "error recovery, automatic".
· Try to use nouns and adjectives as much as possible (i.e. use "automatic error recovery" rather than "recovering errors automatically"). Do not use nouns in the plural form.
· Use English rather than American spelling (regardless of the spelling used for the article itself).
· Avoid the use of abbreviations as much as possible, unless an abbreviation is so well-established that the full term is rarely used (e.g. use "laser" instead of "Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation", but use "computer aided design" instead of "CAD").
Although these guidelines are not mandatory, they should be adhered to where possible.
Author Benefits
No page charge is due
25 offprints of each contribution free of charge
30% discount on all Elsevier books.
Editorial Board
Editorial Board
General Editor:
K.D. Baker, University of Reading, Department of Computer Science, P.O.Box 225, Reading, Berks, RG6 6AY, UK
Email:keith.baker@reading.ac.uk
Editors for North America:
D.B. Goldgof, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA.
Email:goldof@bigpine.csee.usf.edu
J.K. Tsotsos, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Email:tsotsos@cs.yorku.ca
K.W. Bowyer, University of Notre Dame, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
Editor for Asia:
T. Tan, National La. of Pattern Recognition, Beijing, China. TIENIU.TAN@NLPR.IA.AC.CN
Email:TNT@NLPR.IA.AC.CN
Editorial Board:
J.K. Aggarwal, University of Texas, Austin, TX, USA
H.H. Baker, Interval Research Corporation, Palo Alto, CA, USA
A. Blake, Microsoft Research, UK
M. Brady, University of Oxford, UK
B. Buxton, University College London, UK
E.D. Dickmanns, Universit?t der Bundeswehr München, Neubiberg, Germany
J.-O. Eklundh, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
O.D. Faugeras, INRIA, Sophia Antipolis, Cedex, France
R.M. Haralick, City University of New York, Computer Science Department, Graduate Center, New York, NY 10016, USA
R. Jain, Georgia Tech, Atlanta, GA, USA
J. Kittler, Surrey University, Guildford, UK
J. Koenderink, Rijksuniversiteit, Utrecht, The Netherlands
G. Medioni, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Email:medioni@iris.usc.edu
H.-H. Nagel, FhG IITB, Karlsruhe, Germany
B. Neumann, Universit?t Hamburg, Germany
A. Pentland, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
P. Purcell, Imperial College, London, UK
A. Rosenfeld, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
G. Sandini, Università di Genova, Italy
R. Schalkoff, Clemson University, SC, USA
Y. Shirai, Osaka University, Suitasi, Japan
H.S. Stiehl, Universit?t Hamburg, Germany
S. Ullman, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
G. West, Curtin University of Technology, Perth, Australia
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