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Biologicals provides a modern and multidisciplinary international forum for news, debate, and original research on all aspects of biologicals used in human and veterinary medicine. The journal publishes original papers, reviews, and letters relevant to the development, production, quality control, and standardization of biological derived from both novel and established biotechnologies. Special issues are produced to reflect topics of particular international interest and concern.Three types of papers are welcome: original research reports, short papers, and review articles. The journal will also publish comments and letters to the editor, book reviews, meeting reports and information on regulatory issues.
Research Areas Include
Areas relevant to biologicals for human and veterinary use such as:
- Bacterial vaccines
- Blood products
- Cell biology
- Cell culture technology
- Cellular immunology
- Cytokines and allied mediators
- Diagnostics
- Downstream processing
- Gene transfer and expression
- General bacterology
- General virology, endogenous and adventitious viruses
- Hormones
- Immunochemistry
- Molecular biology
- Monoclonal antibodies
- Parasitology
- Prion and prion disease
- Protein chemistry
- Toxins
- Toxoids
Viral vaccines
 Instructions to Authors
Biologicals is an International journal devoted to the timely publication of broad ranging reports relevant to the development, preparation, and quality control of biologicals usedin human and veterinary medicine. The journal is also intended to be a forum for debate and news concerning all aspects of biological preparation, standardization and regulatory requirements. Reports on biologicals derived from the new technologies (gene-transfer and expression monoclonal antibodies, etc.) and other contemporary approaches are especially encouraged. The journal will assure prompt publication of comments and letters to the editor, book reviews, meeting and patent/licence reports, and information on regulatory and other new publications. Research areas include: bacterial vaccines, blood products, cell biology, cell culture technology, cellular immunology, cytokines and allied mediators, diagnostics, downstream processing, gene transfer and expression, general virology, endogenous and adventitious viruses, hormones, immunochemistry, molecular biology, monoclonal antibodies, parasitology, protein chemistry, toxides and viral vaccines.
(1) Four types of paper are acceptable: (i) full papers providing accounts of original work, (ii) short papers of not more than four printed pages including tables, figures and references, (iii) letters to the editor or notes that should not exceed two printed pages including tables, figures and references.
(2) Papers are accepted on the understanding that they report unpublished work, that they are not under consideration for another journal, and that they will not be submitted elsewhere in the same form without the consent of the editors.
(3) Papers should be written in clear concise English or French. The spelling should be that of the Shorter Oxford English Dictionary, Webster's Dictionary or Le Petit Robert.
(4) Typescripts and other material such as tables and figures should conform in every respect with the Uniform Requirements for Manuscripts Submitted to Biomedical Journals as codified by the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors.* Authors are very strongly advised to familiarize themselves with these Uniform Requirements before preparing their reports.
(5) Typescripts that are prepared for a first submission to the Biologicals should be laid out on the pages, as far as is possible with typewriter or word-processor, in the format of the Journal, and authors should inspect a recent copy of the Journal to familiarize themselves with the typographical conventions. Only three sub-headings are acceptable:
a Section headings, lateral, in bold roman, capital and lower case for Introduction, Materials and Methods, Results, Discussion,etc.
b Sub-section headings, lateral, in italic, capital and lower case for sub-headings within, for example, the Materials and Methods section.
c Sub-sub-headings, inset in italic, capital and lower case with the text running along the same line.
(6) In accordance with the provision of the Uniform Requirements, a paper prepared in conformity with the Uniform Requirements, rejected by another journal and subsequently submitted to the Biologicals, will not be returned to the authors for redrafting merely because it follows typographical conventions other than those of the Biologicals Appropriate changes will be made by the editor.
(7) Authors should conform to the following points in the preparation of their typescripts:
a Chemical formulae should be written on one line, following the system adopted by the Chemical Society (Journal of the Chemical Society 1936, p. 1067).
b When first mentioned, enzymes should be described by the appropriate code of the Enzyme Commission in Comprehensive Biochemistry. eds M. Florkin and E. H. Stotz, vol. XIII, 2nd edn (Enzyme Nomenclature), Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1965.
c Proprietary substances should, when first mentioned, be accompanied by the name and address of the manufacturer.
d Concentrations of solutions are preferably defined in terms of normality (N) or molarity(M). The term % must be restricted to the sense g/100g. For ml/100ml the terms % (v/v) and % (w/v) must be used except for concentration up to 1% or where the context makes the usage obvious, e.g. 5% serum.
e Viruses may be referred to by their vernacular names but the use of a hall mark, such as a cryptogram or other reference label, is encouraged. Descriptions of newly isolated or newly recognized viruses should include, where possible, biochemical, morphological and cultural information which will enable other or related strains of the virus to be recognized by other workers.
f Bacteria are referred to at their first mention by generic and specific names, the former capitalized and both underlined (Bacillus antbracis): subsequently the generic name may be abbreviated to a capital letter and a stop (B. antbracis) if the context makes the meaning clear. Generic names are often used as vernacular names ('tests were made to distinguish the various bacillus species'); the generic name is then used with a lower case initial letter and is not underlined.
(8) In addition to the abbreviations listed in the Uniform Requirements the following are acceptable without definition, although care should be exercised in their use in the title of a report.
- ATCC American Type Culture Collection
- BCG Bacille Calmette-Guerin
- CCID50 median cell culture infective dose
- CCTD50 median cell culture toxic dose
- CF complement fixation
- cfu colony forming units
- cpe cytopathic effect
- cpm counts per minute
- DEAE-cellulose diethylaminoethyl-cellulose
- DF degrees of freedom
- DNA deoxyribonucleic acid
- eop efficiency of plating
- HA haemagglutination
- HAI haemagglutination inhibition
- IgA immunoglobulin A
- ID50 median infective dose
- IgE immunoglobulin E
- IgG immunoglobulin G
- IgM immunoglobulin M
- ImD50 median immunizing dose
- IU International Unit
- Lf Flocculation unit
- LD50 median lethal dose
- MIC minimum inhibiting concentration
- NCTC National Collection of Type Cultures
- PAGE polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
- P probability
- PD50 median paralytic dose
- pfu plaque forming unit
- RBC erythrocyte
- RNA ribonucleic acid
- SDS sodium dodecyl sulphate
- SD standard deviation
- SEM Standard error of the mean
- WBC leucocyte
(9) Illustrations should be in Indian ink drawings on good-quality plain paper, or photographs, which should be glossy prints with good contrast. When possible, related diagrams should be grouped to form a single figure, and should be prepared uniformly and to the same scale. The preferred point symbols are a circle, a square, a triangle and the same unshaded.
(10) Footnotes should be used only when it is impossible to convey necessary information by other means. The symbols for footnotes are, in the order in which they should be used: *, dagger, double dagger, and double vertical line.
(11) Biologicals. Papers should not be sent direct to the editors since this might result in delays in the processing of the manuscript. If the paper is accepted, the author(s) will receive proofs in due course which should be corrected and returned to Academic Press (address below) not later than four days after receipt. Failure to return proofs promptly might result in delays in publication.
(12) Authors submitting a manuscript do so on the understanding that if it is accepted for publication exclusive copyright in the paper shall be assigned to the Association. In consideration for the assignment of copyright, the Publisher will supply 50 offprints of each paper. Further offprints may be ordered at extra cost at the proof stage. The Publisher will not put any limitation on the personal freedom of the author to use material contained in the paper in other works.
Address for Manuscripts and Correspondence
Typescripts of papers together with tables and figures should be submitted in triplicate to:
Biologicals
c/o Academic Press Editorial Services Office
Block A2
Westbrooke Centre
Milton Road
Cambridge
CB4 1YG
U.K.
Tel: +44 (0) 1223 446000
Fax: +44 (0) 1223 460236
E-mail: Biols@harcourt.com
Photostat copies of a master typescript held by the author(s) are acceptable. Only one photograph of each illustration is needed; the second copy may be a photostat copy. Manuscripts may be submitted on disk, together with the hard copies. Further instructions may be obtained from the publisher.
Editorial Board
Editor-in-Chief:
F. Brown, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, NY, USA
Editors:
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P. Minor, NIBSC, United Kingdom
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A. Lubiniecki, SmithKline Beecham, King of Prussia, USA
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T. Hayakawa, National Institute of Health Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
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Editorial Board:
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O. Barzu, Paris, France
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W. Berthold, New Jersey, USA
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E. D'Hondt, Rixensart, Belgium
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J. Desmyter, Leuven, Belgium
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F. Dorner, Orth, Austria
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D. Espeseth, Hyattsville, USA
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J. Finlayson, Bethesda, USA
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C. Frasch, Rockville, USA
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J. Furesz, Ottawa, Canada
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F. Galibert, Paris, France
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M. Gheorghiu, Paris, France
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M. Girard, Paris, France
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E. Griffiths, Geneva, Switzerland
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I.D. Gust, Parkville, Australia
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G.A. Hansen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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R. Hay, Rockville, USA
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S. Jeffcoate, Dorking, United Kingdom
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R. Kurth, Langen, Germany
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C. LeClerc, Paris, France
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J. Lower, Langen, Germany
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J. Lupker, Labege, France
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B. Mahy, Atlanta, USA
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H. Makela, Manerheiminte, Finland
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T. Meager, Potters Bar, United Kingdom
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D. Menache-Aaronson, Arlington, USA
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D. Onions, Glasgow, United Kingdom
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A. Padilla, Geneva, Switzerland
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J. Petricciani, Cambridge, USA
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S. Plotkin, Marnes la Coquette, France
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G.C. Schild, Potters Bar, United Kingdom
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K.B. Seamon, Seattle, USA
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D. Strosberg, Paris, France
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M. Tiru, Stockholm, Sweden
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J.-H. Trouvin, Chatenay-Malabry, France
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G. Vicari, Rome, Italy
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G.N. Vyas, San Francisco, USA
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M. de los Angeles Cortes, Mexico
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M.H.V. van Regenmortel, Strasbourg, France
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G. van Steenis, Bilthoven, the Netherlands
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P. van der Marel, Boxmeer, the Netherlands
Biologicals
c/o Academic Press Editorial Services Office
Block A2
Westbrooke Centre
Milton Road
Cambridge
CB4 1YG
U.K.
Tel: +44 (0) 1223 446000
Fax: +44 (0) 1223 460236
E-mail: Biols@harcourt.com
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