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期刊名称：AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE ISSN： 0095-6562 版本： SCI-CDE 出版频率： Monthly 出版社： AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC, 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA, 22314-3579   出版社网址： http://www.asma.org/ 期刊网址： https://www.editorialmanager.com/asem/AuthInstr.html 影响因子： 0.774(2008) 主题范畴： PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH;    SPORT SCIENCES;    MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL 期刊简介(About the journal)    投稿须知(Instructions to Authors)    编辑部信息(Editorial Board)    About the journal   Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine (ASEM) is published monthly by the Aerospace Medical Association for the benefit of its membership and to serve and support those who explore, travel, work or live in hazardous environments ranging from beneath the sea to the outermost reaches of space. The journal抯 readership includes a diverse mix of physicians, physiologists, psychologists, nurses, engineers and others working in Aerospace Medicine and related areas.  The journal publishes original research articles, scholarly reviews, clinical reports and commentaries that are subject to rigorous peer review, as well as teaching materials for health care professionals. Instructions to Authors   1.  JOURNAL MISSION AND SCOPE  Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine (ASEM) is published monthly by the Aerospace Medical Association for the benefit of its membership and to serve and support those who explore, travel, work or live in hazardous environments ranging from beneath the sea to the outermost reaches of space. The journal’s readership includes a diverse mix of physicians, physiologists, psychologists, nurses, engineers and others working in Aerospace Medicine and related areas.  The journal publishes original research articles, scholarly reviews, clinical reports and commentaries that are subject to rigorous peer review, as well as teaching materials for health care professionals.  2.  SUBMISSION OF MANUSCRIPTS A.  The Corresponding Author is responsible for understanding and adhering to these Instructions.  The Editorial Office may decline to review manuscripts that fail to comply with requirements for content, style, language or format.  Anyone experiencing difficulties with the journal抯 requirements should contact the Editorial Office, asemjournal@att.net. B.  Manuscripts should be submitted electronically using the web-based system to be found at http://editorialmanager.com/asem or http://asem.edmgr.com. C.  Persons without access to the Internet may submit manuscripts by mailing to the Editorial Office one hard copy accompanied by a floppy disk containing the required electronic files. The Instructions for Authors, Checklist for Authors and other advisory material may be obtained for the Editorial Office by e-mail or fax as listed in the journal抯 masthead. 3.  TYPES OF PAPERS The five types of articles specified below should be submitted through the Internet site for peer review.  Other submissions including Letters to the Editor, Book Reviews and teaching materials (Teaching Files, You抮e the Flight Surgeon) should be submitted by e-mail directly to the appropriate editor as indicated in the journal抯 masthead.  Letters to the Editor are limited to 500 words of discussion and/or criticism of scientific papers that have appeared in the journal within the past year; the author of the original paper will be invited to provide a response.  Letters on other topics will be considered at the editor抯 discretion. Research Articles include basic, clinical and applied research.  They present the results of experimental or descriptive studies with suitable statistical analysis of results.  They should contain the following sections: Introduction, Methods, Results, and Discussion with a statement of conclusions.  Such manuscripts may not exceed 6000 words with approximately 25 references.  Review Articles are scholarly reviews of the literature on important subjects within the scope of the journal.  Authors considering preparation of a review should contact the Editor to ascertain the suitability of the topic for ASEM. Reviews generally may not exceed 6000 words with up to 150 references, but longer reviews of exceptional quality and relevance will be considered.  Short Communications describe new techniques or devices or interesting findings that are not suitable for statistical analysis.  They should contain the same sections as Research Reports but may not exceed 3000 words with approximately 12 references. Case Reports describe interesting or unusual clinical cases or aeromedical events.  They should include a short Introduction to provide perspective, the Presentation of the Case, and Discussion that includes reference to pertinent literature and/or review of similar cases.  Such manuscripts may not exceed 3000 words with approximately 12 references. Commentaries are brief essays that set forth opinion or perspective on relevant topics.  Such manuscripts may not exceed 1000 words with approximately 10 references without tables or figures. 4.  LIMITS ON PRIOR PUBLICATION ASEM will not ordinarily review for publication work that is under consideration or has been accepted or published by another journal.  However, an author may submit a paper that expands on material that appeared as an abstract or brief preprint or that was rejected by another journal.  When submitting a paper, the Corresponding Author should always make a full statement to the Editor about all previous reports that might be regarded as prior or duplicate publication; copies of such material should be included with the submitted paper to help the editor decide how to deal with the matter.  Authors who violate this rule can expect appropriate editorial action to be taken. 5.  QUALIFICATION  FOR AUTHORSHIP  Each person designated as an author should have made substantial contributions to all three of the following: (a) conception and design of the study or analysis and interpretation of data; (b) drafting or revising the manuscript for important intellectual content;  and (c) approving the version to be submitted.  General supervision of the research group or participation solely in the acquisition of funding or the collection of data does not qualify a person for authorship.  Those who provided technical or managerial support for the work but do not meet conditions (a), (b) and (c) should be credited in Acknowledgments.  6.  REQUIREMENTS FOR ETHICAL USE OF HUMAN SUBJECTS The Aerospace Medical Association endorses the World Medical Association's Declaration of Helsinki regarding research on human subjects.  Protocols must be approved in advance by the appropriate Institutional Review Board (IRB) or a comparable body, and consent must be obtained in writing from subjects after they have been fully informed of the nature of the experiment, any hazards involved, and their right to withdraw from the experiment at any time without prejudice or penalty.  Inclusion of the following statement in Methods will be understood by the Editor as the author抯 affirmation of compliance:  揟he study protocol was approved in advance by (insert name of committee and its institutional sponsor).  Each subject provided written informed consent before participating.?SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">  A study may be exempt from the above requirements if: a) the data were collected noninvasively during work or training that the subjects would have undertaken had no experiment existed, or b) the data were collected using anonymous questionnaires. In either case, the circumstances must be described under Methods. Authors reporting on human experimentation that does not include both male and female subjects must explain in the Methods section the reason for not doing so.  Human subjects or patients must never be identified by name, initials, photographs or other information that can be used to single out the individual unless the author has obtained written permission for the use of such material and supplies a copy to the journal. 7.  REQUIREMENTS FOR USE AND CARE OF ANIMALS The Aerospace Medical Association endorses research of high scientific quality that involves the responsible use of experimental animals.  Each scientist who performs such research must assume responsibility for the general welfare and humane handling of experimental animals and must assure that the animals are maintained under the surveillance of a veterinarian.  Adherence to policies and procedures from the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services or comparable standards is required and protocols must be approved in advance by the appropriate Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee or a comparable body.  The standard of care, surveillance by a veterinarian and the name of the approving committee must be specified in the Methods section of the manuscript. 8.  LANGUAGE, MEASUREMENTS AND ABBREVIATIONS The language of the journal is standard American English in the style specified by the U.S. Government Printing Office, http://www.access.gpo.gov/styleman/2000/.  The journal cannot provide translation or rewriting services; authors who are not perfectly fluent in the language should have the manuscript edited by a native speaker of English before submission.  The journal will decline to review manuscripts that are not sufficiently clear for reviewers to follow the argument of the paper. Abbreviations and acronyms should be used only if they improve the readability of the text and should not appear in the title. The full term for which an abbreviation stands should precede its first use in the text unless it is a standard unit of measurement. Authors should adopt brief, clear designations for different treatments or groups of subjects in an experimental protocol, e.g. 搑apid decompression group 1 (RD1)?and 揷ontrol group (Ctrl).?SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">   Measurements of length, weight, volume and pressure should be reported in metric units and temperatures should be given in degrees Celsius (customary English units such as altitude in feet or temperature in degrees Fahrenheit may be given in parentheses).  Hematological and clinical-chemistry measurements should generally be reported in the metric system in accordance with the International System of Units (SI).  However, ASEM allows reporting of clinical values in the terms used by the examining laboratory.  Blood pressures should be given in millimeters of mercury. 9.  USE OF STATISTICS (section under development) 10.  PREPARATION OF TABLES AND FIGURES Tables and figures should be used strictly to advance the argument of the paper and to assess its support. Tables should not be used to display lists, and simple quantitative information (e.g., mean age, height and weight of a group of subjects) should be incorporated into the text. In general, tables are best used for comparison of exact numbers or small but significant differences in large numbers, while graphs should be used to show changes or trends and as an alternative to tables with many entries. Because science depends on generalization, it is rarely appropriate to publish individual data, which also risk violating subject or patient confidentiality; authors should normally confine their presentation to descriptive statistics for the study groups or treatments. Authors should plan their tables and figures to fit either one journal column (8.5 cm) or the full width of the printed page (18 cm).  It is particularly important to visualize graphics at the reduced size at which they will be published to be sure that legends, lines and symbols remain clear. Tables Tables should be assigned consecutive Roman numerals in the order of their first citation in the text. Each table must be typed double-spaced on a separate page complete with a brief title and footnotes.  The journal does not use internal horizontal or vertical rules or shading.  Tables should have a short or abbreviated heading for each column. Explanation of details and any nonstandard abbreviations should be presented in footnotes; they should be designated by the symbols  *, ? ? ? ? **, 唵 and so on in that sequence. Tables should not ordinarily occupy more than 20% of the space in a journal article.  Data too extensive to print in the journal may be published as a technical report, deposited with an archival service such as the National Auxiliary Publication Service in the United States, or made available upon request to the authors.  An appropriate statement should be included in the text.  Such tables should be sent with the paper for consideration but not incorporated into the manuscript.  Figures      Figures include graphs, photographs and drawings and should be assigned consecutive Arabic numerals in the order of their first citation in the text.  Line drawings of equipment are preferable to photographs. The bars or filled areas in graphs should be of distinct shades and textures such that the differences between them are clear at publication scale.  Three-dimensional graphs may be used only for three-dimensional data.  Grayscale is preferable to color for graphs both for simplicity and because the author will be assessed a substantial charge for color printing.  Figures submitted as electronic files for peer review should use low resolution to allow rapid download and visualization on a computer screen; Word, PowerPoint, JPEG and GIF formats are appropriate for this purpose. Figures not in electronic form should be scanned into a computer; if the author lacks access to a scanner, the figure can be mailed to the Editorial Office to be scanned and added to the electronic manuscript. After acceptance of the paper, high-resolution versions of the graphics should be submitted to the publisher either in electronic form (TIFF or EPS files) or as sharp, glossy black-and-white photographic prints or first-quality laser prints with labels pasted on their backs indicating the manuscript number, number of the figure, and author's name. If photographs of persons are used and the subjects are identifiable, the pictures must be accompanied by written permission from the subject to publish the photograph. If a figure has been published elsewhere, acknowledge the original source in the legend and submit written permission from the copyright holder to reproduce the material.  Permission is required irrespective of authorship or publisher, except for documents in the public domain. 11. SELECTION AND FORMATTING OF REFERENCES The Corresponding Author is responsible for providing complete, accurate references so that a reader can locate the original material.  Only references directly relevant to the argument of the paper should be cited.  Preferred sources include peer-reviewed journals and books with ISBN designations.  Abstracts and proceedings should be cited only if no other source is available.  Government and other technical reports and theses may be cited if the original report is accessible to the public.  References should ordinarily be in English or at least contain an English abstract. ASEM requires that references be formatted in the Vancouver style, i.e. listed alphabetically, numbered, then cited by number in the text, tables and figure legends.  Papers using another style will be reviewed, but the author will have to correct the format before acceptance and publication.  Correct abbreviations for journal titles are those used by the U.S. National Library of Medicine (Index Medicus and Medline, www.nlm.nih.gov).  Electronic sources should be cited in the same style using the guidelines for content published by the American Psychological Association at www.apastyle.org/elecref.html. An extensive set of examples of different types of references can be found under Documents to Download on the journal抯 web site, http://.asem.edmgr.com.  References to written, unpublished communications may be inserted in the text (in parentheses) but authors must obtain written permission from the person quoted; the editor will understand the use of a name and (written communication) to indicate the author's guarantee that such permission was obtained.  Oral communications may not be cited. Reference to papers for which authors have received a letter of acceptance but which have not yet been published must include the journal name and the words "in press."  Information from manuscripts in preparation or submitted but not yet accepted should be cited in the text as (unpublished observations).  12.  MANUSCRIPT REQUIREMENTS A list of all required items for submission may be found in the Checklist for Authors under Documents to Download on the journal抯 web site, https://www.editorialmanager.com/asem or http://asem.edmgr.com. Title  The title should indicate the subject matter and nature of the study so that a reader can decide whether to examine the Abstract.  The title may contain a maximum of 100 characters and spaces and should not use symbols, abbreviations or jargon. Animal studies should indicate the species (e.g., 搃n rats?.  As a matter of policy, we discourage the inclusion of geographic or organization names unless they indicate unique characteristics of the study population that limit the applicability of the paper. The title page should also list all authors by initials and last name Author information.  The Corresponding Author must Register on the web site and provide first name, middle initial and last name, academic degrees, institutional affiliation and complete contact information.  For co-authors we must have first name, middle initial and last.  Only the Corresponding Author will be able to access the manuscript on line. Key Words.  Provide 3 to 10 key words or short phrases that do not appear in the title.  Key words are used for indexing and should use terms that would occur to a knowledgeable reader conducting a literature search.  Where possible, authors should use words from Index Medicus, other authoritative indices, or the index that appeared in the December issue of ASEM the previous year. Classifications The Corresponding Author should review the entire list of Classifications and select several to indicate the areas of interest and expertise that would characterize an ideal reviewer for the manuscript.  THE FOLLOWING FILES SHOULD BE UPLOADED (揂TTACHED? ON LINE Abstract The abstract should be no more than 250 words and should contain the same major headings as the paper (usually Introduction, Methods, Results, and Discussion with conclusions).  Results should include actual findings with specific data and their statistical significance.  The abstract should emphasize new and important aspects of the study or observations. Note: The Abstract should be uploaded once by itself to be used for preliminary review and a second time as part of the Manuscript. Manuscript Title Page: It should give the title, list the authors by initials and last name in the order they should appear for publication and suggest a Running Head for the published article (limit 30 characters and spaces). It should also provide the following manuscript metrics: Word count for Abstract, word count for narrative text, number of References, number of Tables, and number of Figures. Abstract:  See above. Body of Paper:  The text of Research Reports and Short Communications is divided into Introduction, Methods, Results, and Discussion.  Other types of articles use other formats (see 揜equirements for types of papers?.  Body of Paper must display page number in upper right corner.  The prescribed headings must be used; subheadings should be used sparingly if at all. Introduction:  Briefly summarize the rationale for the study and clearly state the hypothesis or research question.  The Introduction should contain only strictly pertinent references and is not the place for an extensive review of the literature.  Methods: Describe methods and procedures in sufficient detail to allow other workers to repeat the experiment.  Clearly describe criteria for selection of the experimental subjects or patients, including controls.  For established methods, give references without going into detail; for methods that have been published but are not well known, provide references and brief descriptions; for new or substantially modified methods give details along with reasons for using them and their limitations.  If unusual apparatus was used, name it and give in parentheses the manufacturer's name and location (city, state and country).  Authors submitting review articles or meta-analyses should include the methods used for locating, selecting, extracting, and synthesizing data.  Results:  Results should be presented in logical sequence using text, tables, and figures. Data should appear in only one format (text, table or graph) depending on which is best for clear, concise presentation (see 揚reparation of tables and figures?.   Noncontributory results should be omitted. Discussion:  Emphasize the new and important aspects of the study and the conclusions that follow from them.  Do not repeat in detail data or other material from the Introduction or Results.  Show how your observations compare to other relevant studies, explore the implications of your findings and note their limitations.  Conclusions should be clearly supported by the data and explicitly linked to the goals of the study as presented in the Introduction.  Avoid claiming priority or alluding to work that has not been completed. Endnotes:  This section may include any or all of the following: 1)       Acknowledgment of professional contributions that do not justify authorship (see 換ualifications for authorship?.  Such professionals must give their permission to be named because readers will infer their endorsement of the data and conclusions. 2)       Acknowledgment of technical assistance. 3)       Acknowledgments of financial and material support, specifying its nature (e.g., equipment or drugs). 4)   Statement of financial or other relationships that could be viewed as causing bias or conflict of interest for any of the authors. 5)   Institutional disclaimers and other required statements. References:  See 11 above. Tables:  See 10 above. Legends for figures:  Legends should be grouped and typed double-spaced, with Arabic numerals corresponding to the illustrations.  When symbols, arrows, numbers, or letters are used to identify parts of the illustrations, identify and explain each one clearly in the legend. If a key is included in the graphic, it must lie within the frame, Figures If there are Figures, they should be loaded as separate files, each identified by number. See 10 above. Letter/Explanation In the case of a New Submission, the author should upload a copy of the Cover Letter (see below). For Revisions, the author should attach a letter explaining the revisions including a point-by-point response to earlier comment from Referees and the Editor. THE FOLLOWING ITEMS MUST BE SIGNED AND SUBMITTED TO THE EDITORIAL OFFICE BY FAX OR POST.  Current fax number and mailing address can be found in the journal and on its website (Contact Us). Cover letter It must be signed by the Corresponding Author and include: 1. A statement that the work is original, has not been published elsewhere and is not currently under consideration by another journal.  Otherwise, provide detailed information on those issues. 2. A statement that there is no financial or other relationship that might be perceived as leading to a conflict of interest (i.e., affecting author objectivity).  If such relationships do exist, provide detailed information. 3. A statement that the manuscript has been read and approved by all authors and that all named authors meet the criteria stated in Section 5 above.  Papers that name six or more authors must be accompanied by a note specifying the contributions of each author. 4. Authors of papers based on statistical inference must inform the Editor whether one of the authors is a trained statistician or whether such a person was used as a consultant and has agreed to be named in the Acknowledgments.  Absent such expertise, the Editor will submit the paper to one of the journal抯 statistical consultants for review. 5. Authors are requested to suggest the names of scientists whom they regard as appropriate reviewers for their paper; the current e-mail and institutional affiliation of the candidates must be included.  Authors may also name an individual to whom the paper should not be sent where bias or conflict of interest is known to exist. Copyright release Every manuscript must be accompanied by this document either releasing the copyright or stating that the work cannot be copyrighted because it was done in a U.S. government facility. The form is available under Documents to Download on the journal抯 web site.  Agreement to pay charges for figures The form is required to affirm that the authors will pay the required fees for papers that contain more than four Figures or that require color printing. The form is available under Documents to Download on the journal抯 web site. Permissions The manuscript must be accompanied by copies of any permissions to reproduce published materials, to use illustrations or report sensitive personal information of identifiable persons, or to acknowledge professional colleagues for their contributions. 13.  PUBLICATION PROCEDURES Once the Editor has accepted a manuscript, the electronic source files for text and figures are forwarded to the publisher, the Aerospace Medical Association, for conversion to printable format and final copy-editing.  Correspondence related to publication should be directed to the Managing Editor at the AsMA Home Office.   Editorial Board   Editorial Office, Aviat Space Env Med       3212 Swandale Drive or    San Antonio, TX  78230-4404        Fax this form to:  210-342-5670  To request permission to use this article in any form mentioned above, please contact the Aerospace Medical Association, pday@asma.org    Revised May 2003