期刊名称：VIRUS RESEARCH
 期刊简介(About the journal)
投稿须知(Instructions to Authors)
编辑部信息(Editorial Board)
About the journal
Virus Research provides a means of rapid publication for original papers on fundamental research concerning virus structure, replication, and pathogenesis. These include reports describing virus morphology, the function and antigenic analysis of virus structural components, virus genome structure and expression, analysis of virus replication processes, effects of viruses on their host cells, including oncogene activation and transduction, neoplastic transformation, and the pathogenesis of virus infections including tumour induction. The journal also publishes review articles on topics of current interest and occasional book reviews and meeting reports.
Abstracting and Indexing
- BIOSIS
- Chemical Abstracts
- Current Contents/Life Sciences
- EMBASE
- Elsevier BIOBASE
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- MEDLINE®
- Pascal et Francis (INST-CNRS)
- Reference Update
- Scopus
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Instructions to Authors
Virus Research Is an International Journal of Molecular and Cellular Virology.
Types of Papers
Research articles should generally be divided into Summary, Introduction, Materials and Methods, Results, Discussion and Acknowledgements and References.
Short communications, approximately 8 typewritten pages in total, including a summary, illustrations and keywords but written without section headings.
Review articles on topics of current interest in Virology will be published. While some authors will be invited to write reviews, others wishing to contribute a review article are invited to contact Dr. B.W.J. Mahy at virology@bellsouth.net.
Book Reviews or Meeting Reports.
Page charges
This journal has no page charges.
Ethics in Publishing
For information on Ethics in Publishing and Ethical guidelines for journal publication see  http://www.elsevier.com/publishingethics and http://www.elsevier.com/ethicalguidelines.
Conflict of interest
All authors are requested to disclose any actual or potential conflict of interest including any financial, personal or other relationships with other people or organizations within three years of beginning the submitted work that could inappropriately influence, or be perceived to influence, their work. See also http://www.elsevier.com/conflictsofinterest.
Submission declaration
Submission of an article implies that the work described has not been published previously (except in the form of an abstract or as part of a published lecture or academic thesis), that it is not under consideration for publication elsewhere, that its publication is approved by all authors and tacitly or explicitly by the responsible authorities where the work was carried out, and that, if accepted, it will not be published elsewhere including electronically in the same form, in English or in any other language, without the written consent of the copyright-holder.
No article can be publicised as in the press, or under revision, until the author has received an acceptance letter from the Editor. No prior acceptance pdf should be put online under circumstance.
Copyright
Upon acceptance of an article, authors will be asked to complete a 'Journal Publishing Agreement' (for more information on this and copyright see http://www.elsevier.com/copyright). Acceptance of the agreement will ensure the widest possible dissemination of information. An e-mail will be sent to the corresponding author confirming receipt of the manuscript together with a 'Journal Publishing Agreement' form or a link to the online version of this agreement.
Subscribers may reproduce tables of contents or prepare lists of articles including abstracts for internal circulation within their institutions. Permission of the Publisher is required for resale or distribution outside the institution and for all other derivative works, including compilations and translations (please consult http://www.elsevier.com/permissions). If excerpts from other copyrighted works are included, the author(s) must obtain written permission from the copyright owners and credit the source(s) in the article. Elsevier has preprinted forms for use by authors in these cases: please consult http://www.elsevier.com/permissions.
Retained author rights
As an author you (or your employer or institution) retain certain rights; for details you are referred to: http://www.elsevier.com/authorsrights.
Role of the funding source
You are requested to identify who provided financial support for the conduct of the research and/or preparation of the article and to briefly describe the role of the sponsor(s), if any, in study design; in the collection, analysis and interpretation of data; in the writing of the report; and in the decision to submit the paper for publication. If the funding source(s) had no such involvement then this should be stated. Please see http://www.elsevier.com/funding.
Funding body agreements and policies
Elsevier has established agreements and developed policies to allow authors whose articles appear in journals published by Elsevier, to comply with potential manuscript archiving requirements as specified as conditions of their grant awards. To learn more about existing agreements and policies please visit http://www.elsevier.com/fundingbodies.
Language and language services
Please write your text in good English (American or British usage is accepted, but not a mixture of these). Authors who require information about language editing and copyediting services pre- and post-submission please visit http://www.elsevier.com/languageediting or our customer support site at http://epsupport.elsevier.com for more information.
Submission
Submission to this journal proceeds totally online and you will be guided stepwise through the creation and uploading of your files. The system automatically converts source files to a single PDF file of the article, which is used in the peer-review process. Please note that even though manuscript source files are converted to PDF files at submission for the review process, these source files are needed for further processing after acceptance. All correspondence, including notification of the Editor's decision and requests for revision, takes place by e-mail removing the need for a paper trail.
Use of wordprocessing software
It is important that the file be saved in the native format of the wordprocessor used. The text should be in single-column format. Keep the layout of the text as simple as possible. Most formatting codes will be removed and replaced on processing the article. In particular, do not use the wordprocessor's options to justify text or to hyphenate words. However, do use bold face, italics, subscripts, superscripts etc. Do not embed "graphically designed" equations or tables, but prepare these using the wordprocessor's facility. When preparing tables, if you are using a table grid, use only one grid for each individual table and not a grid for each row. If no grid is used, use tabs, not spaces, to align columns. The electronic text should be prepared in a way very similar to that of conventional manuscripts (see also the Guide to Publishing with Elsevier: http://www.elsevier.com/guidepublication). Do not import the figures into the text file but, instead, indicate their approximate locations directly in the electronic text and on the manuscript. See also the section on Electronic illustrations.
To avoid unnecessary errors you are strongly advised to use the "spell-check" and "grammar-check" functions of your wordprocessor.
Characters not available on your wordprocessor should not be left open but indicated by a unique code (e.g., alpha, @, #, etc. for the Greek letter a). Such codes should be used consistently throughout the entire text. Please make a list of such codes and provide a key. Do not allow your word processor to introduce word splits.
Article structure
Subdivision - numbered sections
Divide your article into clearly defined and numbered sections. Subsections should be numbered 1.1 (then 1.1.1, 1.1.2, ...), 1.2, etc. (the abstract is not included in section numbering). Use this numbering also for internal cross-referencing: do not just refer to "the text". Any subsection may be given a brief heading. Each heading should appear on its own separate line.
Please ensure that all manuscript pages are numbered and that the lines on each page are also numbered. This will greatly assist the review process for your paper.
Introduction
State the objectives of the work and provide an adequate background, avoiding a detailed literature survey or a summary of the results.
Material and methods
Provide sufficient detail to allow the work to be reproduced. Methods already published should be indicated by a reference: only relevant modifications should be described.
Results
Results should be clear and concise.
Discussion
This should explore the significance of the results of the work, not repeat them. A combined Results and Discussion section is often appropriate. Avoid extensive citations and discussion of published literature.
Conclusions
The main conclusions of the study may be presented in a short Conclusions section, which may stand alone or form a subsection of a Discussion or Results and Discussion section.
Essential title page information
• Title. Concise and informative. Titles are often used in information-retrieval systems. Avoid abbreviations and formulae where possible.
• Author names and affiliations. Where the family name may be ambiguous (e.g., a double name), please indicate this clearly. Present the authors' affiliation addresses (where the actual work was done) below the names. Indicate all affiliations with a lower-case superscript letter immediately after the author's name and in front of the appropriate address. Provide the full postal address of each affiliation, including the country name, and, if available, the e-mail address of each author.
• Corresponding author. Clearly indicate who will handle correspondence at all stages of refereeing and publication, also post-publication. Ensure that telephone and fax numbers (with country and area code) are provided in addition to the e-mail address and the complete postal address.
• Present/permanent address. If an author has moved since the work described in the article was done, or was visiting at the time, a "Present address" (or "Permanent address") may be indicated as a footnote to that author's name. The address at which the author actually did the work must be retained as the main, affiliation address. Superscript Arabic numerals are used for such footnotes.
Abstract
A concise and factual abstract is required. The abstract should state briefly the purpose of the research, the principal results and major conclusions. An abstract is often presented separately from the article, so it must be able to stand alone. For this reason, References should be avoided, but if essential, then cite the author(s) and year(s). Also, non-standard or uncommon abbreviations should be avoided, but if essential they must be defined at their first mention in the abstract itself.
Graphical abstract
A Graphical abstract is optional and should summarize the contents of the paper in a concise, pictorial form designed to capture the attention of a wide readership online. Authors must provide images that clearly represent the work described in the paper. Graphical abstracts should be submitted as a separate file in the online submission system. Maximum image size: 400 × 600 pixels (h × w, recommended size 200 × 500 pixels). Preferred file types: TIFF, EPS, PDF or MS Office files. See http://www.elsevier.com/graphicalabstracts for examples.
Research highlights
Research highlights are a short collection of bullet points that convey the core findings of the article. Research highlights are optional and should be submitted in a separate file in the online submission system. Please use 'Research highlights' in the file name and include 3 to 5 bullet points (maximum 85 characters per bullet point including spaces). See http://www.elsevier.com/researchhighlights for examples.
Keywords
Immediately after the abstract, provide a maximum of 6 keywords, using American spelling and avoiding general and plural terms and multiple concepts (avoid, for example, "and", "of"). Be sparing with abbreviations: only abbreviations firmly established in the field may be eligible. These keywords will be used for indexing purposes.
Abbreviations
Define abbreviations that are not standard in this field in a footnote to be placed on the first page of the article. Such abbreviations that are unavoidable in the abstract must be defined at their first mention there, as well as in the footnote. Ensure consistency of abbreviations throughout the article.
Acknowledgements
Collate acknowledgements in a separate section at the end of the article before the references and do not, therefore, include them on the title page, as a footnote to the title or otherwise. List here those individuals who provided help during the research (e.g., providing language help, writing assistance or proof reading the article, etc.).
Nomenclature and units
Follow internationally accepted rules and conventions: use the international system of units (SI). If other quantities are mentioned, give their equivalent in SI.
Virus nomenclature
Each virus should be identified at least once, preferably in the 'Introduction' or 'Materials and Methods' section, using formal family, genus, and species terms and where possible by using a precise strain designation term as developed by an internationally recognized specialty group or culture collection. Please note that the word type is not used before species designations that include a number. Formal terms used for virus families, genera, and species should be those approved by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV):Fauquet, C.M., Mayo, M.A.,Maniloff, J., Desselberger, U., and Ball, L.A.(2005) Virus Taxonomy, Classification and Nomenclature of Viruses. Eighth ICTV Report, Academic Press, an imprint of Elsevier. This volume also includes standard abbreviations for species. Once formal taxonomic names have been given in a paper, vernacular terms may be used.
Formal taxonomic nomenclature
In formal taxonomic usage, the first letters of virus order, family, subfamily, genus and species names are capitalized and the terms are printed in italics. Other words in the species names are not capitalized unless they are proper nouns or parts of nouns, for example West Nile virus. In formal usage, the name of the taxon should precede the term for the taxonomic unit; for example; "the family Paramyxoviridae," "the genus Morbillivirus." The following represent examples of full formal taxonomic terminology:
1. Order Mononegavirales, family Rhabdoviridae, genus Lyssavirus, species Rabies virus.
2. Family Poxviridae, subfamily Chordopoxvirinae, genus Orthopoxvirus, species Vaccinia virus.
3. Family Picornaviridae, genus Enterovirus, species Poliovirus.
4. Family Bunyaviridae, genus Tospovirus, species Tomato spotted wilt virus.
Vernacular Taxonomic Nomenclature
In formal vernacular usage, virus order, family, subfamily, genus and species names are written in lower case Roman script: they are not capitalized, nor are they printed in italics or underlined. In informal usage, the name of the taxon should not include the formal suffix, and the name of the taxon should follow the term for the taxonomic unit; for example "the picornavirus family, the enterovirus genus." One particular source of ambiguity in vernacular nomenclature lies in the common use of the same root terms in formal family, genus or species names. Imprecision stems from not being able to easily identify in vernacular usage which hierarchical level is being cited. For example, the vernacular name "paramyxovirus" might refer to the family Paramyxoviridae, or one species in the genus Respirovirus, such as Human parainfluenza virus 1. The solution in vernacular usage is to avoid "jumping" hierarchical levels and to add taxon identification wherever needed. For example, when citing the taxonomic placement of Human parainfluenza virus 1, taxon identification should always be added: Human Parainfluenza virus 1 is a species in the genus Respirovirus, family Paramyxoviridae. In this example, as is usually the case, adding the information that this virus is also a member of the subfamily Paramyxovirinae and the order Mononegavirales is unnecessary.
It should be stressed that italics and capital initial letters need be used only if the species name refers to the taxonomic category. When the name refers to viral objects such as virions present in a preparation or seen in an electron micrograph, italics and capital initial letters are not needed and the names are written in lower case Roman script. This also applies when the names are used in adjectival form, for instance tobacco mosaic virus polymerase. The use of italics when referring to the name of a species as a taxonomic entity signals that it has the status of an officially recognized species. The 8th ICTV Report (Fauquet, C.M. et al., 2005, Academic Press, an imprint of Elsevier) should be consulted to ascertain which names have been approved as official species names. When the taxonomic status of a new putative species is uncertain or its position within an established genus has not been clarified, it is considered a tentative species and its name is not written in italics although its initial letter is capitalized.
Origins of bioreagents - The origins of bioreagents should be described adequately, including citation of culture collections, companies, or colleagues from whom the bioreagents were obtained. If viruses were collected from nature, the collecting site and procedure should also be properly described. Bioreagents include but are not necessarily limited to virus strains and species, antibodies, and cell lines.
Accession numbers
Accession numbers are unique identifiers in bioinformatics allocated to nucleotide and protein sequences to allow tracking of different versions of that sequence record and the associated sequence in a data repository [e.g., databases at the National Center for Biotechnical Information (NCBI) at the National Library of Medicine ('GenBank') and the Worldwide Protein Data Bank]. There are different types of accession numbers in use based on the type of sequence cited, each of which uses a different coding. Authors should explicitly mention the type of accession number together with the actual number, bearing in mind that an error in a letter or number can result in a dead link in the online version of the article. Please use the following format: accession number type ID: xxxx (e.g., MMDB ID: 12345; PDB ID: 1TUP). Note that in the final version of the electronic copy, accession numbers will be linked to the appropriate database, enabling readers to go directly to that source from the article.
Footnotes
Footnotes should be used sparingly. Number them consecutively throughout the article, using superscript Arabic numbers. Many wordprocessors build footnotes into the text, and this feature may be used. Should this not be the case, indicate the position of footnotes in the text and present the footnotes themselves separately at the end of the article. Do not include footnotes in the Reference list.
Table footnotes
Indicate each footnote in a table with a superscript lowercase letter.
Artwork
Electronic artwork
General points
• Make sure you use uniform lettering and sizing of your original artwork.
• Save text in illustrations as "graphics" or enclose the font.
• Only use the following fonts in your illustrations: Arial, Courier, Times, Symbol.
• Number the illustrations according to their sequence in the text.
• Use a logical naming convention for your artwork files.
• Provide captions to illustrations separately.
• Produce images near to the desired size of the printed version.
• Submit each figure as a separate file.
A detailed guide on electronic artwork is available on our website:
http://www.elsevier.com/artworkinstructions
You are urged to visit this site; some excerpts from the detailed information are given here.
Formats
Regardless of the application used, when your electronic artwork is finalised, please "save as" or convert the images to one of the following formats (note the resolution requirements for line drawings, halftones, and line/halftone combinations given below):
EPS: Vector drawings. Embed the font or save the text as "graphics".
TIFF: color or grayscale photographs (halftones): always use a minimum of 300 dpi.
TIFF: Bitmapped line drawings: use a minimum of 1000 dpi.
TIFF: Combinations bitmapped line/half-tone (color or grayscale): a minimum of 500 dpi is required.
DOC, XLS or PPT: If your electronic artwork is created in any of these Microsoft Office applications please supply "as is".
Please do not:
• Supply embedded graphics in your wordprocessor (spreadsheet, presentation) document;
• Supply files that are optimised for screen use (like GIF, BMP, PICT, WPG); the resolution is too low;
• Supply files that are too low in resolution;
• Submit graphics that are disproportionately large for the content.
Color artwork
Please make sure that artwork files are in an acceptable format (TIFF, EPS or MS Office files) and with the correct resolution. If, together with your accepted article, you submit usable color figures then Elsevier will ensure, at no additional charge, that these figures will appear in color on the Web (e.g., ScienceDirect and other sites) regardless of whether or not these illustrations are reproduced in color in the printed version. For color reproduction in print, you will receive information regarding the costs from Elsevier after receipt of your accepted article. Please indicate your preference for color in print or on the Web only. For further information on the preparation of electronic artwork, please see http://www.elsevier.com/artworkinstructions.
Please note: Because of technical complications which can arise by converting color figures to "gray scale" (for the printed version should you not opt for color in print) please submit in addition usable black and white versions of all the color illustrations.
Figure captions
Ensure that each illustration has a caption. Supply captions separately, not attached to the figure. A caption should comprise a brief title (not on the figure itself) and a description of the illustration. Keep text in the illustrations themselves to a minimum but explain all symbols and abbreviations used.
Tables
Number tables consecutively in accordance with their appearance in the text. Place footnotes to tables below the table body and indicate them with superscript lowercase letters. Avoid vertical rules. Be sparing in the use of tables and ensure that the data presented in tables do not duplicate results described elsewhere in the article.
References
Citation in text
Please ensure that every reference cited in the text is also present in the reference list (and vice versa). Any references cited in the abstract must be given in full. Unpublished results and personal communications are not recommended in the reference list, but may be mentioned in the text. If these references are included in the reference list they should follow the standard reference style of the journal and should include a substitution of the publication date with either "Unpublished results" or "Personal communication" Citation of a reference as "in press" implies that the item has been accepted for publication.
Web references
As a minimum, the full URL should be given and the date when the reference was last accessed. Any further information, if known (DOI, author names, dates, reference to a source publication, etc.), should also be given. Web references can be listed separately (e.g., after the reference list) under a different heading if desired, or can be included in the reference list.
References in a special issue
Please ensure that the words 'this issue' are added to any references in the list (and any citations in the text) to other articles in the same Special Issue.
Reference management software
This journal has standard templates available in key reference management packages EndNote ( http://www.endnote.com) and Reference Manager ( http://www.refman.com). Using plug-ins to wordprocessing packages, authors only need to select the appropriate journal template when preparing their article and the list of references and citations to these will be formatted according to the journal style which is described below.
Reference style
Text: All citations in the text should refer to:
1. Single author: the author's name (without initials, unless there is ambiguity) and the year of publication;
2. Two authors: both authors' names and the year of publication;
3. Three or more authors: first author's name followed by "et al." and the year of publication.
Citations may be made directly (or parenthetically). Groups of references should be listed first alphabetically, then chronologically.
Examples: "as demonstrated (Allan, 1996a, 1996b, 1999; Allan and Jones, 1995). Kramer et al. (2000) have recently shown ...."
List: References should be arranged first alphabetically and then further sorted chronologically if necessary. More than one reference from the same author(s) in the same year must be identified by the letters "a", "b", "c", etc., placed after the year of publication.
Examples:
Reference to a journal publication:
Van der Geer, J., Hanraads, J.A.J., Lupton, R.A., 2000. The art of writing a scientific article. J. Sci. Commun. 163, 51–59.
Reference to a book:
Strunk Jr., W., White, E.B., 1979. The Elements of Style, third ed. Macmillan, New York.
Reference to a chapter in an edited book:
Mettam, G.R., Adams, L.B., 1999. How to prepare an electronic version of your article, in: Jones, B.S., Smith , R.Z. (Eds.), Introduction to the Electronic Age. E-Publishing Inc., New York, pp. 281–304.
Journal abbreviations source
Journal names should be abbreviated according to
Index Medicus journal abbreviations: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/tsd/serials/lji.html;
List of serial title word abbreviations: http://www.issn.org/2-22661-LTWA-online.php;
CAS (Chemical Abstracts Service): http://www.cas.org/sent.html.
Video data
Elsevier accepts video material and animation sequences to support and enhance your scientific research. Authors who have video or animation files that they wish to submit with their article are strongly encouraged to include these within the body of the article. This can be done in the same way as a figure or table by referring to the video or animation content and noting in the body text where it should be placed. All submitted files should be properly labeled so that they directly relate to the video file's content. In order to ensure that your video or animation material is directly usable, please provide the files in one of our recommended file formats with a maximum size of 10 MB. Video and animation files supplied will be published online in the electronic version of your article in Elsevier Web products, including ScienceDirect: http://www.sciencedirect.com. Please supply 'stills' with your files: you can choose any frame from the video or animation or make a separate image. These will be used instead of standard icons and will personalize the link to your video data. For more detailed instructions please visit our video instruction pages at http://www.elsevier.com/artworkinstructions. Note: since video and animation cannot be embedded in the print version of the journal, please provide text for both the electronic and the print version for the portions of the article that refer to this content.
Supplementary data
Elsevier accepts electronic supplementary material to support and enhance your scientific research. Supplementary files offer the author additional possibilities to publish supporting applications, high-resolution images, background datasets, sound clips and more. Supplementary files supplied will be published online alongside the electronic version of your article in Elsevier Web products, including ScienceDirect: http://www.sciencedirect.com. In order to ensure that your submitted material is directly usable, please provide the data in one of our recommended file formats. Authors should submit the material in electronic format together with the article and supply a concise and descriptive caption for each file. For more detailed instructions please visit our artwork instruction pages at http://www.elsevier.com/artworkinstructions.
Submission checklist
It is hoped that this list will be useful during the final checking of an article prior to sending it to the journal's Editor for review. Please consult this Guide for Authors for further details of any item.
Ensure that the following items are present:
One Author designated as corresponding Author:
• E-mail address
• Full postal address
• Telephone and fax numbers
All necessary files have been uploaded
• Keywords
• All figure captions
• All tables (including title, description, footnotes)
Further considerations
• Manuscript has been "spellchecked" and "grammar-checked"
• References are in the correct format for this journal
• All references mentioned in the Reference list are cited in the text, and vice versa
• Permission has been obtained for use of copyrighted material from other sources (including the Web)
• Color figures are clearly marked as being intended for color reproduction on the Web (free of charge) and in print or to be reproduced in color on the Web (free of charge) and in black-and-white in print
• If only color on the Web is required, black and white versions of the figures are also supplied for printing purposes
For any further information please visit our customer support site at http://epsupport.elsevier.com.
Use of the Digital Object Identifier
The Digital Object Identifier (DOI) may be used to cite and link to electronic documents. The DOI consists of a unique alpha-numeric character string which is assigned to a document by the publisher upon the initial electronic publication. The assigned DOI never changes. Therefore, it is an ideal medium for citing a document, particularly 'Articles in press' because they have not yet received their full bibliographic information. The correct format for citing a DOI is shown as follows (example taken from a document in the journal Physics Letters B):
doi:10.1016/j.physletb.2003.10.071
When you use the DOI to create URL hyperlinks to documents on the web, they are guaranteed never to change.
Proofs
One set of page proofs (as PDF files) will be sent by e-mail to the corresponding author (if we do not have an e-mail address then paper proofs will be sent by post) or, a link will be provided in the e-mail so that authors can download the files themselves. Elsevier now provides authors with PDF proofs which can be annotated; for this you will need to download Adobe Reader version 7 (or higher) available free from http://www.adobe.com/products/acrobat/readstep2.html. Instructions on how to annotate PDF files will accompany the proofs (also given online). The exact system requirements are given at the Adobe site: http://www.adobe.com/products/acrobat/acrrsystemreqs.html#70win.
If you do not wish to use the PDF annotations function, you may list the corrections (including replies to the Query Form) and return them to Elsevier in an e-mail. Please list your corrections quoting line number. If, for any reason, this is not possible, then mark the corrections and any other comments (including replies to the Query Form) on a printout of your proof and return by fax, or scan the pages and e-mail, or by post. Please use this proof only for checking the typesetting, editing, completeness and correctness of the text, tables and figures. Significant changes to the article as accepted for publication will only be considered at this stage with permission from the Editor. We will do everything possible to get your article published quickly and accurately. Therefore, it is important to ensure that all of your corrections are sent back to us in one communication: please check carefully before replying, as inclusion of any subsequent corrections cannot be guaranteed. Proofreading is solely your responsibility. Note that Elsevier may proceed with the publication of your article if no response is received.
Offprints
The corresponding author, at no cost, will be provided with a PDF file of the article via e-mail. For an extra charge, paper offprints can be ordered via the offprint order form which is sent once the article is accepted for publication. The PDF file is a watermarked version of the published article and includes a cover sheet with the journal cover image and a disclaimer outlining the terms and conditions of use.
For inquiries relating to the submission of articles (including electronic submission where available) please visit this journal's homepage. You can track accepted articles at http://www.elsevier.com/trackarticle and set up e-mail alerts to inform you of when an article's status has changed. Also accessible from here is information on copyright, frequently asked questions and more. Contact details for questions arising after acceptance of an article, especially those relating to proofs, will be provided by the publisher.
Editorial Board
Editor-in-Chief:
B.W.J. Mahy
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, Fax: +1 404 639 1954, Tel: +1 404 498 2661, Email: virology@bellsouth.net
Speciality: Negative-strand RNA viruses and General Virology.
This journal was edited by Brian WJ Mahy in his private capacity. No official support or endorsement by CDC is intended or should be inferred
Editors:
Speciality: Positive Strand RNA viruses and Special Issue papers
L. Enjuanes
Dept. of Molecular and Cell Biology, Campus Univ. Autonoma, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Fax: +34 91 585 4915, Tel: +34 91 585 45 55, Email: L.Enjuanes@cnb.csic.es
Speciality: Plant and Fungal Viruses
B.I. Hillman
Plant Path Department, 113 Martin Hall, Rutgers College, 88 Lipman Drive, New Brunswick, NJ 08901-8520, USA, Tel: +1(732) 932-9375x334, Email: hillman@aesop.rutgers.edu
Speciality: DNA Viruses
D.J. O'Callaghan
Dept. of Microb. & Immunology, Louisiana State University (LSU) Health Sciences Center, 1501 Kings Highway, Shreveport, LA 71130, USA, Fax: +1 318 674 5754, Tel: +1 318 674 5750, Email: docall@lsuhsc.edu
Editorial Board:
A. Barrett
University of Texas at Galveston Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
W.J. Bellini
National Center for Infectious Diseases, Atlanta, GA, USA
M. Bendinelli
Università di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
W. Britt
University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
S. Campo
University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
P.L. Collins
Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA
R.W. Compans
Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
R.C. Condit
University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
K. Conzelmann
Technische Universität München (TUM), München, Germany
R. Courtney
The Pennsylvania State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
T. Dermody
Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
V. Deubel
Institut Pasteur, Lyon, France
W. Doerfler
Universität zu Köln, Köln, Germany
E. Domingo
Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
R. Elliot
University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
H. Feldmann
Hamitlon, MT, USA
B. Fleckenstein
Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
T.M. Folks
Southwest Foundation for Biomedical Research, San Antonio, TX, USA
R.A.M. Fouchier
Erasmus Universiteit Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
J.A. Garcia
Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
J.V. Garcia
University of Texas, Dallas, TX, USA
A. Garci-a-Sastre
Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
F. Gonzalez-Scarano
University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
A.E. Gorbalenya
Leids Universitair Medisch Centrum (LUMC), Leiden, Netherlands
D.E. Griffin
Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
L. Guarino
Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
I. Jones
University of Reading, Reading, UK
Y. Kawaguchi
University of Tokyo, Minato-Ku, Japan
K.-H. Kim
Seoul, South Korea
M. Koopmans
Rijksinstituut voor Volksgezondheid en Milieu (RIVM), Bilthoven, Netherlands
W.I. Lipkin
University of Columbia, New York, NY, USA
S.A. Lommel
North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
R.B. Luftig
Louisiana State University, New Orleans, LA, USA
S. Makino
University of Texas at Galveston Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
W.S. Mason
Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
M.G. Mateu
Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
C. Mayers
Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, USA
J. McCauley
AFRC Institute for Animal Health, Compton, Newbury, UK
P.S. Moore
University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
S.T. Nichol
National Center for Infectious Diseases, Atlanta, GA, USA
A. Nomoto
University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-Ku, Japan
F. Novembre
Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
N. Osterreider
Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
P. Palukaitis
Scottish Crop Research Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, UK
R. Ray
St. Louis University Health Science Center, St. Louis, MO, USA
A.B. Rickinson
University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK
R. Rico-Hesse
Southwest Foundation for Biomedical Research, San Antonio, TX, USA
J. Ridpath
U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA)-Agricultural Research Service (ARS), Ames, IA, USA
B. Rima
Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
L. Roux
Université de Genève, Genève 4, Switzerland
P. Roy
London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
L. Ruan
Chinese Center for Disease Control, Beijing, China
J.T. Sample
Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, USA
C.S. Schmaljohn
US AMRIID, Frederick, MD, USA
K.R. Spindler
University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
D.C. Stenger
U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA)-Agricultural Research Service (ARS), Parlier, CA, USA
M.J. Studdert
University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
N. Suzuki
Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
V.G. Wilson
Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
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