PARTS OF THE MANUSCRIPT
1 TITLE PAGE
1a) Title of Paper (lower case). The title should be concise but informative, as it is frequently used for subject indexing. It should not include abbreviations or chemical formulas.
1b) Authors?Names (all upper case). All listed authors must have participated directly and substantially in the reported study. Authors should be listed by full first name, middle initial, and full last name (e.g.: JOHN C JONES).
1c) Institution(s) where the research was conducted (Laboratory, Department, Institute, School or Faculty, University, City, State, Country). When authors are affiliated with different departments or institutions, use numbers in superscripts after each author’s name and before the corresponding department or institution.
1d) Corresponding Author The author to whom correspondence should be sent, indicating the complete mailing address (Do not translate the mailing address!). Please include telephone and fax numbers, as well as an e-mail address.
1e) When an author’s Present Address differs from that of the institution(s) where the work was carried out, this may be indicated by a footnote, identifying the author and footnote with an asterisk.
2 ABSTRACT
Beginning on a separate page, provide a single paragraph not to exceed 200 words, clearly and concisely stating the purpose of the research, its basic procedures, main findings, and principal conclusions. It should be intelligible to someone who has not read the text. Avoid the use of abbreviations and highly specialized terms in the Abstract.
2a) KEY TERMS. Select 3 to 6 key terms to allow the paper to be appropriately indexed. These terms follow the Abstract on the same page. They should be listed alphabetically in lower case. Single words or composite terms may be used (e.g.: transcription factor, monoclonal antibodies, myosin, neural crest, primordial germ cells)
3 TEXT
This part of the manuscript should begin on a new page. The body of the paper should be divided into sections, as indicated below (3a-3e). Section headings must be centered and typed in upper case. Blank lines are used before and after headings and after subheadings, but NOT between paragraphs of the same section. Do not justify the right margin. Subsections may be used for better organization in the presentation of Methods, Results, and Discussion. Subheadings, in lower case and italics, must begin at the left margin. Do not indent the first paragraph of sections and subsection; begin them at the left margin. Subsequent paragraphs should be indented 5 spaces from the left margin.
3a) INTRODUCTION. This section states the purpose of the article without an extensive review of the subject and utilizes only the most pertinent references. Indicate the reason for the study and, when appropriate, the hypothesis to be tested.
3b) METHODS. Describe the procedures used briefly but with sufficient detail for other researchers to reproduce the results.
The experimental design must state the number of subjects involved in the study and the number of measurements that give rise to the reported values. Indicate whether the measurements were made on different subjects or performed repeatedly on the same subject.
For studies involving human subjects, authors must affirm that their work was conducted in conformity with the principles embodied in the Declaration Helsinki. Authors must also include a statement verifying that the experiments were performed with the knowledge and consent of each subject, or the parent or guardian when the subject was a child.
Studies involving experimental animals must conform to the Guiding Principles in the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals endorsed by the American Physiological Society. The source of animals used in experiments should be mentioned, and except in the case of common laboratory animals, references should include their Latin binomials in italics. Italicized Latin binomials of plants and micro-organisms should also be included as well as their varieties and sources. For experiments in the field of bacterial genetics, the recommendations of Demerec et al. should be followed (see Genetics 54:61-76, 1966).
Commonly-used Equipment should be identified generically. However, when using special equipment that could have a bearing on the results obtained, it should be identified by its manufacturer, serial number, and place of origin.
For Chemical Nomenclature, the conventions adopted by the Biochemical Society should be followed (see Biochem J 209: 1-27, 1983). Drugs must be identified by their generic names (lower case). If it is necessary to provide brand names and their sources, place them in parentheses. Enzymes should be identified when first mentioned in accordance with the Enzyme Commission (EC) of the International Union of Biochemistry.
The Methods section should include precise information on the Statistical Analyses performed. Indicate the manner in which results are expressed (means ?SD’s or SEM’s, or medians and ranges or confidence limits); whether parametric (chi-square, Student’s t tests, ANOVA) or non-parametric (Wilcoxon, Kruskall-Wallis, Friedman, Quade, Kolmogorov-Smirnoff) tests were used; correlation coefficients (Pearson’s product-moment or Spearman’s rank) were employed, etc.
3c) RESULTS. Findings should be described in this section without discussion of their significance. Tell the reader clearly and exactly what your findings were.
Try to quantify whenever possible. Decimal values should be limited to 3 decimal places and indicated with a period rather than a comma, as is used in Spanish (e.g.: p < 0.001). Algebraic notation is recommended for smaller values (e.g.: p = 7?0-5). Large numbers (thousands, millions, etc.) should be separated every three places by commas (not periods, as in Spanish).
Provide information on the variability and statistical significance of data reported. Mean values must be accompanied by standard deviations (SD’s) or standard errors of the means (SEM’s), but not both. Indicate which of these statistics is employed and the number of observations from which they were derived. Statistics related to the same variable (e.g.: mean and SEM) must be expressed to the same number of decimal places.
Data may be presented in Tables or Figures (see below) when strictly necessary, but the same data should not be reported under both forms. Do not repeat in the Text all the data appearing in the Tables and Illustrations.
3d) DISCUSSION. This section should be concise and emphasize the new and important aspects of the study as well as the conclusions that follow from them.
The discussion must focus on the interpretation of the results obtained. Emphasis should be placed on the biological significance of statistically significant effects. State whether the results obtained provide an answer to the questions or support the hypothesis presented in the Introduction.
Discussion of previous observations must be related to the present findings, and speculations must rest on those findings. When obtained after carefully designed and performed experiments, negative results may provide useful conclusions and merit publication.
3e) ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS. Specify grant support. Acknowledge only those individuals who have made substantial contributions to the study and who would agree to being mentioned.
4 REFERENCES
Although it is expected that the authors have carried out a comprehensive bibliographic study of the subject under consideration, only the most relevant previous publications should be cited as references.
The list of references should begin on a new page and be double-spaced. Indent second and following lines of each entry. Do not insert blank lines between entries.
References should be arranged in alphabetical order by author’s last name. If there is more than one reference for an author or a group of authors, the references should be listed chronologically, with the earliest publication first. In two-author papers with the same first author, the order must be alphabetical by the second author’s last name. When three or more authors are listed, the order will be chronological according to the first author only (disregarding the order of subsequent authors?names), as these references will be cited in the text by the principal author only, followed by the abbreviation "et al."
Each reference should include last names and initials of all authors entirely in upper case letters. There should be no punctuation used within the name and no space between initials. The names of individual authors are separated by commas (e.g.: DOE JJ, JONES SE, SMITH BW). The names are followed by the year in parentheses, the complete title of the article (capitalizing only the first letter of the first word), the abbreviated name of the journal (initials in upper case, no periods), the volume number followed by a colon, and the page numbers of the article. Do not include issue or part numbers.
In the case of book chapters, give the names of the editors (last name and initials) in upper case followed by "(ed)" or "(eds)" in parentheses, the name of the book (capitalizing only the first letter of the first word), city, colon, publisher, and the abbreviation "pp:" followed by the beginning and ending page numbers of the pertinent chapter. Avoid all unnecessary periods and commas.
Examples:
EYZAGUIRRE C, KOYANO H (1965) Effects of hypoxia, hypercapnia, and pH on the chemoreceptor activity of the carotid body in vitro. J Physiol, London 178: 385-409
LOWRY OH, ROSEBROUGH NJ, FARR AL, RANDALL RJ (1951) Protein measurement with the Folin phenol reagent. J Biol Chem 193:265-275
REYES JG, SANTANDER M, MARTINEZ PL, ARCE R, BENOS DJ (1994) A fluorescence method to determine picomole amounts of Zn(II) in biological systems. Biol Res 27 (in Press)
ROGERS DW (1983) BASIC Microcomputing and biostatistics. Clifton NJ: Humana Press. pp:105-174.
SIEGLBAUM SA, KOESTER J (1991) Ionic channels. In: KANDEL ER, SCHWARTZ JH, JESSEL TM (eds) Principles of Neural Science. 3rd ed. Amsterdam: Elsevier. pp:66-79
URETA T, MEDINA C, PRELLER A (1987) The evolution of hexokinases. Arch Biol Med Exp 20: 343-357
Two different citation formats are acceptable:
a) Use authors?last names and year of publication in parentheses [e.g.: (Miller, 1999)], or as part of the sentence [e.g.: "Miller (1959) reported that"]. When citing two-author papers, give both last names (e.g.: Eyzaguirre and Koyano, 1965). Papers with three or more authors should be cited by the first author’s last name followed by the abbreviation ‘et al.?and the year (e.g.: Lowry et al., 1951).
b) It is also acceptable to use numbers in parentheses within the text (e.g.: 2, 5-8), in which case each entry of the alphabetical list of references is consecutively numbered without parentheses.
Regardless of citation style, all citations in the text should appear in the list of references, and each entry listed must be cited in the text. Authors are responsible for verifying the references against the original documents.
Manuscripts that have been accepted for publication but not yet released should be included in the Reference section by indicating "In Press" in parentheses after the journal name. Information from manuscripts submitted but not yet accepted should be cited only in the text as "unpublished observations," or "manuscript in preparation," or "personal communication" within parentheses. This type of citation must be verified by the author against the original document and approved by those named; the editors may request their written authorization. If the content of papers in press, submitted, or in preparation is essential for the understanding of the present paper, they should accompany the manuscript submitted herein.
5 TABLES
All tables should be numbered consecutively with Roman numerals, and each must be submitted on a separate page.
Each table must include a brief title and sufficient experimental detail to be intelligible without reference to the text. Column headings must clearly express their contents and units of measurement. Furthermore, data that remain the same should not be repeated on each line of the table, but rather should appear as footnotes under each table.
Mean values and dispersion measures (standard deviation, range) are preferred to individual observations, but the number of individuals contributing to the statistics must be included. The significance of differences between tabulated values may be indicated by asterisks, specifying their levels at the footnote to the table, along with the probability test used (e.g.: paired Student’s t test: * p < 0.005; ** p < 0.01; *** p < 0.001).
6 LEGENDS FOR ILLUSTRATIONS
Legends must be typed on separate pages (one per page). Figures should be numbered consecutively with Arabic numerals. Each figure must include a title and an explanatory legend describing the results in sufficient detail for comprehension without reference to the text. However, do not repeat general information that has been properly placed in the Methods section or conclusions to be derived from data presented in the figure that are described in the Results section.
Illustrations should be cited in the text by the unabbreviated word "Figure" when written as part of a sentence and as "(Fig)" when appearing within parentheses. The preferred location of each figure may be pencilled in the left margin of the text.
7 ILLUSTRATIONS
Illustrations should be supplied on paper no larger than 21 by 27 cm and presented as original drawings, black-and-white glossy photographs, or computer-generated laser prints on high-gloss paper. Graphs and diagrams should be drawn with India ink on stout paper. Numbers and lettering must be professionally drawn and should be large enough to allow for a minimum height of 1.5 mm after photographic reduction for a 7 cm column width. Each figure should be marked on the reverse side with number, title of the paper, and authors?names.
The manuscript must be accompanied by at least one set of original illustrations for the printer. Each copy of the manuscript must include photocopies of the illustrations (originals, in the case of photomicrographs).
Histograms composed of different bars (solid, open, stippled, hatched, cross-hatched, horizontally striped, vertically striped) must be explained in the legends, which should also indicate whether superior vertical lines represent SD’s or SEM’s. If the number of observations is the same for all groups, it may be so indicated in an inset (n = ##). In the event of different numbers for groups, they should be indicated at the bottom or top of the bars.
For graphs where curves are fitted, the legends should indicate whether the fit line was adjusted by eye, calculated from a specific equation, or constructed by a particular computer program.
Photomicrographs should be prepared with letters, arrows, and asterisks that contrast with the background and be highlighted with a contrasting shadow if necessary. Length scales on photomicrographs are preferable to indications of enlargements on the legends.
Authors who wish to compose their photomicrographs to the final size of reproductions should consider that the figures themselves should be 7 cm wide for a single column and 15 cm wide for a double column. Height should not surpass 22 cm, although less is preferable to allow for the insertion of legends at the bottom of the figures. Authors should indicate on the back of these illustrations that they should be reproduced at 100%.
When previously-published illustrations are used, authors must obtain written permission from the copyright holder (author, journal, society, or publisher), which must then be submitted to the editor of this journal along with the manuscript. The manuscript must include the appropriate credit line with the corresponding figure legend, as well as mention in the Acknowledgement section.
刊名字顺( Alphabetical List of Journals):
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